2025-12-11 sec-litreleases complaint 335 KB 140 chars

SEC v. Thomas San Miguel, No. 4:24-cv-02805, Southern District of Texas (Dec. 11, 2025) — Complaint

raw: In re SGR Energy

In re SGR Energy, No. 4:24-cv-02805 (Dec. 11, 2025)

Caption
Securities and Exchange Commission v. Miguel

Enriched metadata

Scheme
unregistered-securities (100%)
Court
Southern District of Texas
Case No.
4:24-cv-02805
Victim loss
$21,300,000
Victims
300
Entity
Thomas San Miguel
Classified unregistered-securities(confidence 100%). EDGAR detection: forms Form D/S-1· recall 41% / precision 30%. detection rule →
Statutes
15 U.S.C. § 78j(b)15 U.S.C. § 77t(b)15 U.S.C. § 78u(d)15 U.S.C. § 77q(a)15 U.S.C. § 77e(a)15 U.S.C. § 77t(d)17 C.F.R. § 240.10b-517 C.F.R. § 240.10b-Sections 5(a), 5(c), and 17(a) of the Securities ActSections 5(a), 5(c), and 17(a) of the Securities ActSections 5(a), 5(c), and 17(a) of the Securities ActSection 10(b) of the Securities Exchange ActSection 20(b) of the Securities ActSections 20(d) and 22(a) of the Securities ActSections 20(d) and 22(a) of the Securities ActRule 10b-5
Parties
Securities and Exchange CommissionThomas San Miguel
Keywords
sgrenergysanmiguelinvestorsdocument txsdtxsd pagesecuritiesbusinesscv-revenuesalesterminaldocumenttxsd

Extracted insights

Entities 2
  • agency Securities and Exchange Commission
  • person thomas san miguel
Triples 12
  • Securities And Exchange Commission files this Complaint against Thomas San Miguel
  • Thomas San Miguel raised approximately $21.3 million from over 300 investors nationwide
  • Thomas San Miguel lured investors with claims of a 12% annual dividend funded by escalating revenue and profits and a $19 million account receivable
  • Thomas San Miguel claimed he would use investors' funds to grow SGR Energy’s fuel-blending business by expanding customer geography and acquiring blending facilities and fuel terminals
  • Thomas San Miguel trumpeted SGR Energy’s purported acquisition of a large capacity fuel terminal in a northern port-town in Colombia
  • Thomas San Miguel claimed no commissions would be paid to sales personnel on new investments
  • Thomas San Miguel knew SGR Energy had generated only a fraction of the claimed revenues and likely never generated any profit
  • Thomas San Miguel knew the $19 million accounts receivable he recorded was false
  • Thomas San Miguel knew SGR Energy never acquired the Colombian terminal and sustained enormous losses while leasing it
  • Thomas San Miguel knew SGR Energy was paying 8% sales commissions to the sales team for new investments
  • Thomas San Miguel violated Sections 5(a), 5(c), and 17(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5
  • Securities And Exchange Commission brings this action against Thomas San Miguel seeking permanent injunctive relief, an officer-and-director bar, civil penalties, and all other equitable and ancillary relief
Text layers
Extracted body text (140c)
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1 

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 
FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS 

HOUSTON DIVISION 
 
         
        § 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, § 
        § 

Plaintiff,     § 
        § 
v.        § Case No.: 4:24-cv-002805 
        § 
THOMAS SAN MIGUEL,     § 
        § 
  Defendant.      § 
        § 
 

COMPLAINT 

 
Plaintiff Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) files this Complaint 

against Defendant Thomas San Miguel (“Defendant” or “San Miguel”) and alleges as follows: 

I. 
SUMMARY 

1. Between November 2015 and December 2021, San Miguel raised approximately 

$21.3 million from over 300 investors nationwide through the fraudulent and unregistered offering 

of preferred stock in his fuel-blending company, SGR Energy, Inc. (“SGR Energy”).  San Miguel, 

together with the sales personnel he hired and oversaw, lured both new and existing investors with 

claims of a 12% annual dividend funded by escalating revenue and profits and a $19 million 

account receivable on SGR Energy’s balance sheet.  San Miguel also told investors he would use 

their funds to grow SGR Energy’s fuel-blending business by expanding the geographical scope of 

its customers and acquiring strategically situated blending facilities and fuel terminals.  Claiming 

progress, San Miguel trumpeted SGR Energy’s purported acquisition, in July 2018, of a large 

capacity fuel terminal in a northern port-town in Colombia.  Finally, San Miguel claimed that no 

commissions would be paid to sales personnel on new investments.   

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2. All of these claims were false and misleading.  As San Miguel knew, because he 

solely controlled the company’s accounting, SGR Energy had generated only a fraction of the 

claimed revenues and likely never generated any profit.  He likewise knew that the $19 million 

accounts receivable he recorded was false.  San Miguel, who controlled every aspect of SGR 

Energy’s operations, also knew that SGR Energy never acquired the Colombian terminal and that, 

instead, SGR Energy sustained enormous losses while leasing it.  Finally, San Miguel likewise 

knew that SGR Energy was paying 8% sales commissions to the sales team for new investments.  

3. By committing the acts alleged in this Complaint, San Miguel violated the antifraud 

and securities registration provisions of the federal securities laws, specifically Sections 5(a), 5(c), 

and 17(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 (“Securities Act”) [15 U.S.C. §§ 77e(a), 77e(c), and 77q(a)] 

and Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”) [15 U.S.C. § 78j(b)] 

and Rule 10b-5 thereunder [17 C.F.R. §§ 240.10b-5]. 

4. In the interest of protecting the public from any further fraudulent activity and 

harm, the Commission brings this action against San Miguel seeking: (a) permanent injunctive 

relief; (b) an officer-and-director bar; (c) civil penalties; and (d) all other equitable and ancillary 

relief to which the Court determines that the Commission is entitled. 

II. 
JURISDICTION AND VENUE 

5. The Commission brings this action under Section 20(b) of the Securities Act [15 

U.S.C. § 77t(b)] and Section 21(d) of the Exchange Act [15 U.S.C. § 78u(d)], seeking to 

permanently restrain and enjoin San Miguel from violating the antifraud and securities-registration 

provisions of the federal securities laws. 

6. The Court has jurisdiction of this action under Sections 20(d) and 22(a) of the 

Securities Act [15 U.S.C. §§ 77t(d) and 77v(a)] and Sections 21(d), 21(e), and 27 of the Exchange 

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Act [15 U.S.C. §§ 78u(d), 78u(e), and 78aa].     

7. Venue is proper because the Houston Division of the Southern District of Texas is 

where a substantial part of the acts, omissions, transactions, practices, and/or courses of business 

giving rise to the claims occurred.  In addition, venue is proper because San Miguel resides in 

Montgomery, Texas, which is served by this Division.   

8. San Miguel, directly and indirectly, made use of the mails or of the means and 

instrumentalities of interstate commerce in connection with the acts, omissions, transactions, 

practices, and/or courses of business described in this complaint.  

9. San Miguel engaged in the acts, omissions, transactions, practices, and/or courses 

of business described in this complaint in connection with the offer, purchase, and/or sale of 

securities.        

III. 
DEFENDANT AND RELEVANT ENTITY 

A. Defendant 

10. San Miguel resides in Montgomery, Texas.  San Miguel was SGR Energy’s 

President, CEO, and sole director and is the owner of all of SGR Energy’s common stock.   

B. Relevant Entity 

11. SGR Energy is a private company headquartered in Houston, Texas.  SGR Energy 

ceased operations in late 2021.  Neither SGR Energy nor its securities offering discussed herein 

was ever registered with the Commission, and no exemptions from registration applied.  On July 

22, 2022, a creditor initiated involuntary Chapter 7 bankruptcy proceedings for SGR Energy.  In 

re SGR Energy, Inc., Case No. 4:22-bk-32050 (Bankr. S.D. Tex., Houston Division, filed July 22, 

2022) (later converted to a voluntary Chapter 7 bankruptcy).  The Court appointed a Chapter 7 

Trustee, who is currently overseeing SGR Energy. 

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IV. 
STATEMENT OF FACTS 

A. Background 

12. In SGR Energy’s marketing materials and in webinars, San Miguel portrayed 

himself as a self-made, 30-year expert and entrepreneur in the field of cost-efficient fuel blending, 

with a customer base of electric power plants and merchant vessels.  He claimed that he acquired 

his expertise in the 1990s working for a private company for 18 years, initially as a fuel-tank 

truckdriver and later as a fuel blender.  

13. Equipped with his purported on-the-job expertise, San Miguel formed SGR Energy 

in 2011, and purportedly began blending unspecified additives into discounted, low-grade crude 

oil in a facility in Virginia for sale to end-users.  San Miguel claimed that by early 2013, after 

repaying several seed investors their contributed $1 million, he became sole owner of SGR Energy. 

San Miguel conceived the idea of an ongoing stock offering to expand SGR’s business and, 

ultimately, build an SGR Energy-owned oil refinery. 

14. San Miguel told employees that SGR Energy was blending fuel at a facility in 

Virginia using carefully guarded proprietary blending methods.  Notably, SGR Energy employees 

claim they have never seen any fuel-blending activity at the facility, and San Miguel spent little or 

no time in Virginia.  After acquiring unimproved land in Leggett, Texas in April 2017, San Miguel 

claimed he also blended fuel there—but no known SGR Energy employees ever witnessed it. 

15. San Miguel siloed SGR Energy employees and withheld information about the 

company’s operations and finances.  SGR Energy’s key employees had no clear understanding of 

what other employees did.  For example, SGR Energy’s sales manager had no clear understanding 

of what the SGR Energy employees outside his sales force did, how SGR Energy generated end-

use customers or revenue, or how San Miguel derived the revenue and earnings numbers that he 

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furnished every quarter for the sales team to relay to investors and prospective investors.  

16. Even though San Miguel had no accounting experience or education, he handled 

all of SGR Energy’s bookkeeping and accounting.  He claimed to maintain SGR Energy’s financial 

information in spiral notebooks—that he purportedly discarded—because he didn’t know how to 

use common accounting software like Excel or QuickBooks.  He never reconciled SGR Energy’s 

bank statements.  He didn’t understand fundamental accounting principles such as cash and accrual 

accounting.  He also didn’t know the meaning of the common accounting acronym EBITDA 

(Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization) in spite of using that metric in 

SGR Energy’s promotional materials and investor updates, which he prepared.  San Miguel also 

failed to pay SGR Energy’s federal taxes for the last six years of its operation. 

17. San Miguel was equally furtive in his handling of a purported asset held on SGR 

Energy’s books—money purportedly owed to SGR Energy by an unidentified entity located in the 

Dominican Republic (“DR Entity”).  San Miguel claimed he tracked the asset—purported cash 

held by the DR Entity in a bank account in Brazil—in a spiral notebook that he later, inexplicably, 

discarded.   

B. The SGR Energy Offering 

18. San Miguel and the SGR Energy salespeople, whom San Miguel hired and oversaw, 

offered and sold SGR Energy “Series B” preferred stock to approximately 300 investors 

nationwide in a single offering spanning November 2015 through December 2021.  The offering 

generated roughly $21.3 million in proceeds.   

19. The salespeople cold-called potential investors identified in investor lists that the 

company purchased.  They also fielded calls from potential investors routed to SGR Energy by 

advertisements, investment groups, and other sources.  The salespeople’s initial conversations with 

prospects were scripted.  As instructed by San Miguel, the salespeople emphasized SGR Energy’s 

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increasing revenue and earnings and underscored the annual 12% dividends that SGR Energy had 

unfailingly made to investors—as either cash payments or for reinvestment in SGR Energy 

preferred stock—since the offering’s inception.  The salespeople took no steps to ensure that 

investors were accredited, and merely instructed them to check the “accredited” questionnaire box, 

if applicable. 

20. Prospects expressing interest in investing in SGR Energy were sent the latest 

version of the SGR Energy Private Placement Memorandum (“PPM”) as well as various marketing 

materials—all of which San Miguel authored or approved.  The marketing materials included 

various documents such as a brochure entitled “12% Annual Dividends Plus a 10X Multiple in 

Four Years (or Less) Is It Possible?” (the “Brochure”), Profit and Loss Statements (“P&L”), 

Balance Sheets, and a January 2021 “Business Plan.” (The Business Plan, Brochure, P&L, and 

Balance Sheets, are collectively referred to as the “Marketing Materials.”)  Over the course of the 

SGR Energy stock offering, San Miguel updated the PPMs and Marketing Materials to reflect the 

ever-increasing sales price of the SGR Energy preferred stock, which San Miguel exclusively 

determined, purportedly based on his financial calculations. 

21. Prospects and investors with detailed questions about SGR Energy were referred 

by salespeople to San Miguel, who then spoke to the investors alone in his office or on three-way 

calls with the sales manager. 

22. San Miguel drafted and distributed quarterly investor updates (“Investor Updates”) 

to the investors.  In these Investor Updates, San Miguel highlighted the purported financial 

performance of SGR Energy as well as recent and planned business actions. 

C. San Miguel’s Misrepresentations to Investors 

23. San Miguel, directly and through his salespeople, made numerous 

misrepresentations to investors in connection with both their initial and supplemental investments.  

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He grossly inflated and fabricated SGR Energy’s financial performance.  He misrepresented 

significant business operations, including the alleged purchase of a Columbian shipping terminal.  

He also misrepresented that salespeople were not paid commissions in connection with SGR 

Energy’s stock offerings. 

1. San Miguel Lured New and Existing Investors With Representations about 
SGR’s Financial Performance 

a. San Miguel’s Misrepresentations Regarding SGR Energy’s Revenue and 
Profits 

24. San Miguel misrepresented to investors that SGR Energy was staggeringly 

successful in terms of revenue, profits, and accounts receivable.  Although the Marketing Materials 

and Investor Updates varied over time, they typically included representations regarding SGR 

Energy’s alleged year-to-year revenue and EBITDA as compiled in the following table: 

 

25. The Business Plan provided these false economic performance values in chart 

format under the heading “PREVIOUS RESULTS” among other metrics such as SGR Energy’s 

purported “REVENUE” and “EBITDA” for 2017 through 2020.  In addition to the identical 

revenue and EBITDA metrics featured in the Business Plan for years 2017 through 2020, the 

Brochure also included performance metrics for 2021 along with skyrocketing revenue and 

EBITDA projections for 2022 and 2023.  The P&L likewise contained the same 2017, 2018, and 

2019 revenue and EBITDA performance metrics featured in the Business Plan and the Brochure.     

26. San Miguel also represented in Investor Updates that SGR Energy was generating 

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profits.  For example, in a January 9, 2017 Investor Update, San Miguel stated, “we achieved 

record revenue and profit numbers for year-end 2016.”  In a July 9, 2018 Investor Update, San 

Miguel represented that the company “generated a profit in five out of the six full years we have 

been in business” and that profits were “consistent.”  In an October 28, 2018 Investor Update, San 

Miguel reported that the company would “continue meeting our goal of giving back a fair share of 

the profits to our shareholders.”  In a March 24, 2021 Investor Update, San Miguel noted that the 

investors had been “enjoy[ing] profit dividends” from SGR Energy. 

27. These performance metrics had no basis in reality.  Based on SGR Energy’s bank 

records and the testimony of former SGR Energy employees, it appears that the company generated 

a total of approximately $11 million in revenue from 2015 to the present and that SGR Energy 

never generated any profit. 

b. San Miguel’s Misrepresentations Regarding Accounts Receivable 

28. San Miguel also misled investors about a significant accounts receivable asset.  The 

Balance Sheet purported to track an increasing accounts receivable of more than $19 million, 

purportedly from the DR Entity.  In the Balance sheet, which San Miguel prepared, he represented 

that SGR Energy’s “Accounts Receivable” were as follows: 

Year Accounts Receivable 
2017 $463,413 
2018 $6,280,677 
2019 $19,108,559 

29. San Miguel purportedly tracked the DR Entity’s accounts receivable balance in a 

spiral notebook that he inexplicably discarded.  Curiously, no SGR Energy employees had any 

interactions with the DR Entity and don’t recall even hearing the name.  Therefore, all 

indications are that, like SGR Energy’s fictitious revenue and profit numbers, the $19 million in 

accounts receivable is also a fabrication. 

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c. The Financial Performance of SGR Energy Was Critical to Investors’ 
Decisions to Invest 

30. The revenue and earnings metrics were potent selling points for investors.  San 

Miguel provided SGR Energy’s sales manager with the numbers for each quarter.  The sales 

manager, in turn, conveyed the data to his sales team to share with their prospects and investors.  

The sales manager was unaware of San Miguel’s methodology for computing the numbers, relying 

on San Miguel’s experience and control of the company for the numbers’ bona fides.  

31. San Miguel’s misrepresentations regarding SGR Energy’s financial performance 

not only brought in new investors, but also convinced existing investors to increase their 

investments.  Some investors added to their holdings by purchasing more stock with additional 

funds.  Investors also took advantage of the option to increase their SGR Energy stockholdings by 

reinvesting their dividends in SGR Energy stock in lieu of receiving cash payments.  In fact, 

approximately 85% of quarterly dividends were reinvested in this manner.  

32. San Miguel also set the purchase price of SGR Energy stock, consistently 

increasing it in purported proportion to SGR Energy’s ever-increasing EBITDA, which San 

Miguel claimed he computed, again, without even understanding the meaning of the acronym.  

Armed with the inflated revenue and EBITDA figures, the salespeople contacted existing investors 

before a planned stock price increase to encourage them to buy more SGR Energy stock in the 

ongoing offering and to continue reinvesting their dividends. 

33. San Miguel also coaxed investors to keep investing by making false and misleading 

statements in quarterly investor updates—each referencing SGR Energy’s increasing revenue and 

earnings numbers.  San Miguel drafted and authorized the dissemination of at least 17 such investor 

updates, in the form of letters, between January 9, 2017 and May 11, 2021. 

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2. San Miguel Falsely Claimed That SGR Energy Acquired a Colombian Shipping 
Terminal 

34. San Miguel also misrepresented that SGR Energy had acquired a shipping terminal 

that would increase the company’s financial performance.  On July 10, 2018, San Miguel 

announced in an SGR Energy press release that SGR Energy had acquired a shipping terminal in 

the northern Colombian port town of Barranquilla.  In the press release, San Miguel wrote: 

We are delighted to acquire from [sic] this premier marine 
transportation and terminal in Colombia (said SGR Energy CEO 
Tommy San Miguel).  Swiss Terminal Barranquilla gives SGR 
Energy a strategic artery to pull supply from Colombia, increase our 
delivery volume to established customers, and will allow us to 
develop additional business. 

35. The press release continued with San Miguel’s account of the economic 

attractiveness of the terminal and its environs: 

Barranquilla Port is 166 square kilometers, or 64 square miles.  The 
economy is diverse and strong in the logistics, energy and business 
services sectors.  The port owes its ideal business location to running 
[sic] alongside the Magdalena River, as well as its quick access to 
the Ernesto Cortissoz International Airport and Colombia’s national 
highway network. 

36. On July 9, 2018, the day before the press release was issued, San Miguel told SGR 

Energy investors in a quarterly update letter that SGR Energy had acquired the terminal, named 

Swiss Terminal Barranquilla (“STB”).  San Miguel unambiguously conveyed the acquisition’s 

finality in a celebratory tone: 

I am so proud to announce to our shareholders that we have closed 
on our first terminal acquisition…. SGR made its first outside 
terminal acquisition on July 6th.  The purchase of Swiss Terminal 
Barranquilla provides SGR with vital access to regional blend-
stocks for our blending operations in Panama. [Emphasis added] 

37. Approximately six months later, in a quarterly investor update letter dated January 

18, 2019, San Miguel reflected on the events of 2018: “2018 has been quite a year for SGR.  This 

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includes the acquisition of our terminal in Barranquilla….” [Emphasis added] 

38. San Miguel’s statements about SGR Energy’s acquisition of STB were false.  SGR 

Energy never acquired STB.  Between May 4, 2018, and December 31, 2018, SGR Energy entered 

into three agreements with the owner of STB; all three agreements conditioned the closing of the 

acquisition on various contingencies, which were never satisfied.  On May 4, 2018, two months 

before the July 10, 2018 press release discussed in paragraph 34 above, SGR Energy and STB’s 

owner executed a term sheet setting the purchase price of STB at $13 million, and a conditional 

closing for November 15, 2018.  On July 9, 2018, the day before SGR issued its press release, the 

parties deferred the conditional closing to December 31, 2018—a date that came and went without 

the closing.  Despite this fact, SGR Energy issued, as mentioned, a quarterly update letter just 18 

days later, on January 18, 2019, citing the “acquisition of our terminal in Barranquilla” as a 2018 

SGR Energy accomplishment.  On the very day the transaction was to close, December 31, 2018, 

the parties executed an amendment to the agreement, again retaining the $13 million stock 

purchase price, but re-setting the closing for June 30, 2019.  The transaction did not close on June 

30, 2019 or any time thereafter.   

39. In fact, SGR Energy leased STB from July 2018 until the summer of 2021 when 

the owner evicted SGR Energy for failure to pay agreed monthly sums.  In total, SGR Energy paid 

STB $1.74 million and an additional $1.1 million to the owner as advances on the $13 million 

purchase price.  These amounts were ultimately losses because San Miguel made no attempt to 

recoup any of these sums, and none of it has been repaid to SGR Energy or its investors. 

3. San Miguel Falsely Claimed That SGR Energy Did Not Pay Commissions to 
Salespeople 

40. San Miguel represented in every version of the SGR Energy PPM that “[n]o 

commissions are being paid by SGR Energy to conduct the offering.” Contrary to these 

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representations, SGR Energy did, in fact, pay commissions in connection with the SGR Energy 

stock offering.  SGR Energy paid a gross 8% commission, consisting of a 6% commission to the 

sales-team member making the sale, and a 2% override to the sales manager.   

41.   Bank records indicate that SGR Energy paid at least $800,000 in commissions to 

the salespeople and other SGR Energy employees between November 2015 and December 2021.   

42. San Miguel was well aware of these commission payments, as he was solely 

responsible for authorizing the commission payments, whether by check or wire transfer.  He was 

also the sole recipient of SGR Energy’s bank statements, which reflected the commission 

payments.  Moreover, San Miguel even offered the sales personnel commissions at their hiring 

interviews.   

D. SGR Energy Bankruptcy 

43. SGR Energy ceased operations in late 2021.  Shortly thereafter, SGR Energy was 

evicted from its office, and, on July 22, 2022, a creditor placed SGR Energy into Chapter 7 

bankruptcy.  SGR Energy is now under the control of the Chapter 7 Trustee. 

V. 
CLAIMS FOR RELIEF 

 
FIRST CLAIM FOR RELIEF 

 
Violations of the Antifraud Provisions of the Exchange Act  

Section 10(b) [15 U.S.C. § 78j(b)] and Rule 10b-5 [17 C.F.R. § 240.10b-5]  
 

44. Plaintiff re-alleges and incorporates paragraphs 1 through 43 of this Complaint by 

reference as if set forth verbatim in this Claim. 

45. By engaging in the acts and conduct alleged herein, San Miguel, directly or 

indirectly, in connection with the purchase or sale of securities, by the use of any means or 

instrumentality of interstate commerce, or of the mails or of any facility of any national securities 

exchange, knowingly or severely recklessly: 

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a. employed a device, scheme, or artifice to defraud; and/or 

b. made an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact 

necessary in order to make the statements made, in the light of the 

circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; and/or 

c. engaged in an act, practice, or course of business which operated or would 

operate as a fraud or deceit upon any person. 

46. By reason of the foregoing, San Miguel violated, and unless restrained and enjoined 

will continue to violate, Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act [15 U.S.C. § 78j(b)] and Rule 10b-5 

thereunder [17 C.F.R. § 240.10b-5].   

SECOND CLAIM FOR RELIEF 
 

Violations of the Antifraud Provisions of the Securities Act 
Section 17(a) [15 U.S.C. §§ 77q(a)] 

 
47. Plaintiff re-alleges and incorporates paragraphs 1 through 43 of this Complaint by 

reference as if set forth verbatim in this Claim. 

48. By engaging in the acts and conduct alleged herein, San Miguel, directly or 

indirectly, in the offer or sale of a security, by the use of any means or instruments of transportation 

or communication in interstate commerce or by use of the mails, has: 

a. knowingly or with severe recklessness employed a device, scheme, or 

artifice to defraud; and/or 

b. knowingly, severely recklessly, or negligently obtained money or property 

by means of an untrue statement of a material fact or an omission to state a 

material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the 

circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; and/or 

c. knowingly, severely recklessly, or negligently engaged in a transaction, 

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practice, or course of business which operated or would operate as a fraud 

or deceit upon the purchaser. 

49. By reason of the foregoing, San Miguel violated, and unless enjoined will continue 

to violate, Section 17(a) of the Securities Act [15 U.S.C. § 77q(a)]. 

THIRD CLAIM FOR RELIEF 
 

Unregistered Offers and Sales of Securities 
Sections 5(a) and 5(c) of the Securities Act [15 U.S.C. §§ 77e(a) and (c)] 

 
50. Plaintiff re-alleges and incorporates paragraphs 1 through 43 of this Complaint by 

reference as if set forth verbatim in this Claim. 

51. By engaging in the conduct described herein, San Miguel, directly or indirectly: 

a. made use of the means or instruments of transportation or communication 

in interstate commerce or of the mails to sell, through the use or medium of 

any prospectus or otherwise, securities as to which no registration statement 

was in effect; and/or 

b. for the purpose of sale or delivery after sale, carried or caused to be carried 

through the mails or interstate commerce, by means or instruments of 

transportation, securities as to which no registration statement was in effect; 

and/or 

c. made use of means or instruments of transportation or communication in 

interstate commerce or of the mails to offer to sell, through the use or 

medium of any prospectus or otherwise, securities as to which no 

registration statement had been filed. 

52. By reason of the foregoing, San Miguel violated, and unless enjoined will continue 

to violate, Sections 5(a) and 5(c) of the Securities Act [15 U.S.C. § 77e(a) and (c)]. 

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PRAYER FOR RELIEF  
 

WHEREFORE, the Commission respectfully requests that the Court enter a final 

judgment:  

1. Permanently enjoining San Miguel from violating, directly or indirectly, Sections 

5(a), 5(c), and 17(a) of the Securities Act [15 U.S.C. §§ 77e(a), 77e(c), and 77q(a)] and Section 

10(b) of the Exchange Act [15 U.S.C. § 78j(b)] and Rule 10b-5 thereunder [17 C.F.R. § 240.10b-

5]; 

2. Permanently enjoining San Miguel from participating, directly or indirectly, 

including, but not limited to, through any entity owned or controlled by him, in any issuance, 

purchase, offer, or sale of any security; provided, however, that such injunction shall not prevent 

him from purchasing or selling securities for his own personal accounts; 

3. Barring San Miguel from acting as an officer or director of any issuer that has a 

class of securities registered pursuant to Exchange Act Section 12 or that is required to file reports 

pursuant to Exchange Act Section 15(d); 

4. Ordering San Miguel to pay civil penalties pursuant to Section 20(d) of the 

Securities Act [15 U.S.C. § 77t(d)] and Section 21(d)(3) of the Exchange Act [15 U.S.C. § 

78u(d)(3)]; and 

5. Granting such other and further relief as this Court may determine to be just, 

equitable, and necessary. 

Case 4:24-cv-02805   Document 1   Filed on 07/29/24 in TXSD   Page 15 of 16



 

16 

 

Dated:  July 29, 2024    Respectfully submitted, 
        

/s/ Jason P. Reinsch    
Jason P. Reinsch 
Texas Bar No. 24040120 
SDTX Bar No. 914573 
United States Securities and Exchange Commission 
Fort Worth Regional Office 
801 Cherry Street, Suite 1900 
Fort Worth, Texas 76102 
(817) 900-2601 (phone) 
(817) 978-2700 (facsimile) 
[email protected] 
 
ATTORNEY FOR PLAINTIFF SECURITIES 
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 

 

Case 4:24-cv-02805   Document 1   Filed on 07/29/24 in TXSD   Page 16 of 16