SEC v. ORDER GARRETT W. MORETZ, No. 5:24-cv-00171, Western District of North Carolina (Aug. 12, 2025)
raw: ORDER OF PERMANET INJUNCTION AND OTHER RELIEF AS TO
ORDER OF PERMANET INJUNCTION AND OTHER RELIEF AS TO, No. 5:24-cv-00171 (Aug. 12, 2025)
Garrett W. Moretz consented to a permanent injunction and a 12-month industry bar to resolve SEC allegations of securities fraud and material misstatements.
The SEC obtained a final judgment against Garrett W. Moretz for violating Sections 10(b) of the Exchange Act and 17(a) of the Securities Act. Moretz is ordered to pay a total of $40,779.59, which includes $4,374.91 in disgorgement, $1,404.68 in prejudgment interest, and a $35,000 civil penalty. The court also imposed a 12-month prohibition preventing him from acting as or being associated with any broker, dealer, or investment adviser.
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission successfully obtained a permanent injunction against Garrett W. Moretz for violating federal securities laws, specifically Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act and Section 17(a) of the Securities Act. The allegations involved employing fraudulent schemes and making material misstatements or omissions to investors regarding securities offerings. Without admitting or denying the allegations, Moretz consented to the court's jurisdiction and the entry of the final judgment. The settlement requires Moretz to pay a total of $40,779.59, consisting of $4,374.91 in disgorgement, $1,404.68 in prejudgment interest, and a $35,000 civil penalty. Additionally, the court imposed a 12-month bar prohibiting him from acting as or being associated with any broker, dealer, or investment adviser. The order also binds his agents and employees from participating in similar fraudulent activities.
Extracted insights
- $41K $40,779 $10K–$100K
- $35K $35,000 $10K–$100K
- $20K $20,389 $10K–$100K
- $4K $4,374 <$10K
- $1K $1,404 <$10K
- person garrett w. moretz
- agency Securities and Exchange Commission
- Securities And Exchange Commission Filed a Complaint In The United States District Court For The Western District Of North Carolina Statesville Division Civil Action No. 5:24-Cv-00171-Kdb-Dck
- Garrett W. Moretz Entered a General Appearance In The United States District Court For The Western District Of North Carolina Statesville Division Civil Action No. 5:24-Cv-00171-Kdb-Dck
- Garrett W. Moretz Consented To Jurisdiction Over Defendant And The Subject Matter Of This Action
- Garrett W. Moretz Consented To Entry Of This Final Judgment (The Order)
- Garrett W. Moretz Waived Findings Of Fact And Conclusions Of Law
- Garrett W. Moretz Waived Any Right To Appeal From This Order
- The Court Ordered, Adjudged, And Decreed Defendant Is Permanently Restrained And Enjoined From Violating Section 10(b) Of The Securities Exchange Act Of 1934 And Rule 10b-5 Promulgated Thereunder
- The Court Ordered, Adjudged, And Decreed Defendant Is Permanently Restrained And Enjoined From Violating Section 17(a) Of The Securities Act Of 1933
1 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF NORTH CAROLINA STATESVILLE DIVISION CIVIL ACTION NO. 5:24-CV-00171-KDB-DCK U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, Plaintiff, v. ORDER GARRETT W. MORETZ, Defendant. ORDER OF PERMANET INJUNCTION AND OTHER RELIEF AS TO DEFENDANT GARRETT W. MORETZ The Securities and Exchange Commission having filed a Complaint (Doc. No. 1) and Garrett W. Moretz (“Defendant”) having entered a general appearance; consented to the Court’s jurisdiction over Defendant and the subject matter of this action; consented to entry of this Final Judgment (the “Order”) without admitting or denying the allegations of the Complaint (except as to jurisdiction and as otherwise provided herein in paragraph V); waived findings of fact and conclusions of law; and waived any right to appeal from this Order: I. IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that Defendant is permanently restrained and enjoined from violating, directly or indirectly, Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) [15 U.S.C. § 78j(b)] and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder [17 C.F.R. § 240.10b-5], by using any means or instrumentality of 2 interstate commerce, or of the mails, or of any facility of any national securities exchange, in connection with the purchase or sale of any security: (a)to employ any device, scheme, or artifice to defraud; (b)to make any untrue statement of a material fact, or to omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; or (c)to engage in any act, practice, or course of business which operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon any person by directly or indirectly (i) creating a false appearance or otherwise deceiving any person, or (ii) disseminating false or misleading documents, materials, or information or making, either orally or in writing, any false or misleading statement in any communication with any investor or prospective investor, about (A) any investment in or offering of securities; or (B) the prospects for success of any product or company. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that, as provided in Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 65(d)(2), the foregoing paragraph also binds the following who receive actual notice of this Order by personal service or otherwise: (a) Defendant’s officers, agents, servants, employees, and attorneys; and (b) other persons in active concert or participation with Defendant or with anyone described in (a). II. IT IS HEREBY FURTHER ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that Defendant is permanently restrained and enjoined from violating Section 17(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) [15 U.S.C. § 77q(a)] in the offer or sale of any security by the use of any means or instruments of transportation or communication in interstate commerce or by use of the mails, directly or indirectly: (a)to employ any device, scheme, or artifice to defraud; 3 (b)to obtain money or property by means of any untrue statement of a material fact or any omission of a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; or (c)to engage in any transaction, practice, or course of business which operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon the purchaser by directly or indirectly (i) creating a false appearance or otherwise deceiving any person, or (ii) disseminating false or misleading documents, materials, or information or making, either orally or in writing, any false or misleading statement in any communication with any investor or prospective investor, about (A) any investment in or offering of securities; or (B) the prospects for success of any product or company. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that, as provided in Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 65(d)(2), the foregoing paragraph also binds the following who receive actual notice of this Order by personal service or otherwise: (a) Defendant’s officers, agents, servants, employees, and attorneys; and (b) other persons in active concert or participation with Defendant or with anyone described in (a). III. IT IS HEREBY FURTHER ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that pursuant to Sections 21(d)(1) and 21(d)(5) of the Exchange Act [15 U.S.C. § 78u(d)(1) and (5)], and Section 20(b) of the Securities Act [15 U.S.C. § 77t(b)] Defendant is restrained and enjoined for 12 months following the date of entry of this Order, from directly or indirectly acting as or being associated with any broker, dealer, or investment adviser. This injunction shall not prevent Defendant from being a customer or client of a broker, dealer, or investment adviser. For purposes of this paragraph: (a)a person is associated with a broker or dealer if such person is a partner, officer, director, or branch manager of such broker or dealer (or occupies a similar status or performs similar functions), directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by, or is under common control or in an employee of such broker or dealer; and 4 (b)a person is associated with an investment adviser if such person is a partner, officer, or director of such investment adviser (or performs similar functions), or directly or indirectly controls or is controlled by such investment adviser, including any employee of such investment adviser. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that, as provided in Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 65(d)(2), the foregoing paragraph also binds the following who receive actual notice of this Order by personal service or otherwise: (a) Defendant’s officers, agents, servants, employees, and attorneys; and (b) other persons in active concert or participation with Defendant or with anyone described in (a). IV. IT IS HEREBY FURTHER ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that Defendant is liable for disgorgement of $4,374.91, representing net profits gained as a result of the conduct alleged in the Complaint, together with prejudgment interest thereon in the amount of $1,404.68, and a civil penalty in the amount of $35,000, pursuant to Section 20(d) of the Securities Act [15 U.S.C. § 77t(d)] and Section 21(d)(3) of the Exchange Act [15 U.S.C. § 78u(d)(3)]. Defendant shall satisfy this obligation by paying $40,779.59 to the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the terms of the payment schedule set forth in paragraph V below after entry of this Order. Defendant may transmit payment electronically to the Commission, which will provide detailed ACH transfer/Fedwire instructions upon request. Payment may also be made directly from a bank account via Pay.gov through the SEC website at: http://www.sec.gov/about/offices/ofm.htm. Defendant may also pay by certified check, bank cashier’s check, or United States postal money order payable to the Securities and Exchange Commission, which shall be delivered or mailed to: Enterprise Services Center Accounts Receivable Branch 6500 South MacArthur Boulevard Oklahoma City, OK 73169 5 and shall be accompanied by a letter identifying the case title; civil action number; name of this Court and Garrett W. Moretz as a defendant in this action; and specifying that payment is made pursuant to this Order. Defendant shall simultaneously transmit photocopies of evidence of payment and case identifying information to the Commission’s counsel in this action. By making this payment, Defendant relinquishes all legal and equitable right, title, and interest in such funds and no part of the funds shall be returned to Defendant. The Commission may enforce the Court’s judgment for disgorgement and prejudgment interest by using all collection procedures authorized by law, including, but not limited to, moving for civil contempt at any time after 30 days following entry of this Order. The Commission may enforce the Court’s Order for penalties using all collection procedures authorized by law, including the Federal Debt Collection Procedures Act, 28 U.S.C. § 3001 et seq., and moving for civil contempt for the violation of any court orders issued in this action. Defendant shall pay post-judgment interest on any amounts due after 30 days of the entry of this Order pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1961. The Commission shall hold the funds, together with any interest and income earned thereon (collectively, the “Fund”), pending further order of the Court. The Commission may propose a plan to distribute the Fund subject to the Court’s approval. Such a plan may provide that the Fund shall be distributed pursuant to the Fair Fund provisions of Section 308(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The Court shall retain jurisdiction over the administration of any distribution of the Fund and the Fund may only be disbursed pursuant to an Order of the Court. 6 Regardless of whether any such Fair Fund distribution is made, amounts ordered to be paid as civil penalties pursuant to this Judgment shall be treated as penalties paid to the government for all purposes, including all tax purposes. To preserve the deterrent effect of the civil penalty, Defendant shall not, after offset or reduction of any award of compensatory damages in any Related Investor Action based on Defendant’s payment of disgorgement in this action, argue that he is entitled to, nor shall he further benefit by, offset or reduction of such compensatory damages award by the amount of any part of Defendant’s payment of a civil penalty in this action (“Penalty Offset”). If the Court in any Related Investor Action grants such a Penalty Offset, Defendant shall, within 30 days after entry of a final order granting the Penalty Offset, notify the Commission’s counsel in this action and pay the amount of the Penalty Offset to the United States Treasury or to a Fair Fund, as the Commission directs. Such a payment shall not be deemed an additional civil penalty and shall not be deemed to change the amount of the civil penalty imposed in this Judgment. For purposes of this paragraph, a “Related Investor Action” means a private damages action brought against Defendant by or on behalf of one or more investors based on substantially the same facts as alleged in the Complaint in this action. V. Defendant shall pay the total of disgorgement, prejudgment interest, and penalty due of $40,779.59 in two installments to the Commission according to the following schedule: (1) $20,389.80, within 30 days of entry of this Order; and (2) $20,389.79 (plus any applicable post judgment interest), within 60 days of entry of this Order. Payments shall be deemed made on the date they are received by the Commission and shall be applied first to post-judgment interest, which accrues pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1961 on any unpaid amounts due after 30 days of the entry 7 of Order. Prior to making the final payment set forth herein, Defendant shall contact the staff of the Commission for the amount due for the final payment. If Defendant fails to make any payment by the date agreed and/or in the amount agreed according to the schedule set forth above, all outstanding payments under this Order, including post-judgment interest, minus any payments made, shall become due and payable immediately at the discretion of the staff of the Commission without further application to the Court. VI. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the Consent is incorporated herein with the same force and effect as if fully set forth herein, and that Defendant shall comply with all of the undertakings and agreements set forth therein. VII. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that, solely for purposes of exceptions to discharge set forth in Section 523 of the Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C. §523, the allegations in the complaint are true and admitted by Defendant, and further, any debt for disgorgement, prejudgment interest, civil penalty or other amounts due by Defendant under this Order or any other judgment, order, consent order, decree or settlement agreement entered in connection with this proceeding, is a debt for the violation by Defendant of the federal securities laws or any regulation or order issued under such laws, as set forth in Section 523(a)(19) of the Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C. §523(a)(19). VIII. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that this Court shall retain jurisdiction of this matter for the purposes of enforcing the terms of this Order. SO ORDERED ADJUDGED AND DECREED. Signed: August 8, 2025
1 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF NORTH CAROLINA STATESVILLE DIVISION CIVIL ACTION NO. 5:24-CV-00171-KDB-DCK U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, Plaintiff, v. ORDER GARRETT W. MORETZ, Defendant. ORDER OF PERMANET INJUNCTION AND OTHER RELIEF AS TO DEFENDANT GARRETT W. MORETZ The Securities and Exchange Commission having filed a Complaint (Doc. No. 1) and Garrett W. Moretz (“Defendant”) having entered a general appearance; consented to the Court’s jurisdiction over Defendant and the subject matter of this action; consented to entry of this Final Judgment (the “Order”) without admitting or denying the allegations of the Complaint (except as to jurisdiction and as otherwise provided herein in paragraph V); waived findings of fact and conclusions of law; and waived any right to appeal from this Order: I. IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that Defendant is permanently restrained and enjoined from violating, directly or indirectly, Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) [15 U.S.C. § 78j(b)] and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder [17 C.F.R. § 240.10b-5], by using any means or instrumentality of Case 5:24-cv-00171-KDB-DCK Document 25 Filed 08/08/25 Page 1 of 7 2 interstate commerce, or of the mails, or of any facility of any national securities exchange, in connection with the purchase or sale of any security: (a) to employ any device, scheme, or artifice to defraud; (b) to make any untrue statement of a material fact, or to omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; or (c) to engage in any act, practice, or course of business which operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon any person by directly or indirectly (i) creating a false appearance or otherwise deceiving any person, or (ii) disseminating false or misleading documents, materials, or information or making, either orally or in writing, any false or misleading statement in any communication with any investor or prospective investor, about (A) any investment in or offering of securities; or (B) the prospects for success of any product or company. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that, as provided in Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 65(d)(2), the foregoing paragraph also binds the following who receive actual notice of this Order by personal service or otherwise: (a) Defendant’s officers, agents, servants, employees, and attorneys; and (b) other persons in active concert or participation with Defendant or with anyone described in (a). II. IT IS HEREBY FURTHER ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that Defendant is permanently restrained and enjoined from violating Section 17(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) [15 U.S.C. § 77q(a)] in the offer or sale of any security by the use of any means or instruments of transportation or communication in interstate commerce or by use of the mails, directly or indirectly: (a) to employ any device, scheme, or artifice to defraud; Case 5:24-cv-00171-KDB-DCK Document 25 Filed 08/08/25 Page 2 of 7 3 (b) to obtain money or property by means of any untrue statement of a material fact or any omission of a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; or (c) to engage in any transaction, practice, or course of business which operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon the purchaser by directly or indirectly (i) creating a false appearance or otherwise deceiving any person, or (ii) disseminating false or misleading documents, materials, or information or making, either orally or in writing, any false or misleading statement in any communication with any investor or prospective investor, about (A) any investment in or offering of securities; or (B) the prospects for success of any product or company. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that, as provided in Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 65(d)(2), the foregoing paragraph also binds the following who receive actual notice of this Order by personal service or otherwise: (a) Defendant’s officers, agents, servants, employees, and attorneys; and (b) other persons in active concert or participation with Defendant or with anyone described in (a). III. IT IS HEREBY FURTHER ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that pursuant to Sections 21(d)(1) and 21(d)(5) of the Exchange Act [15 U.S.C. § 78u(d)(1) and (5)], and Section 20(b) of the Securities Act [15 U.S.C. § 77t(b)] Defendant is restrained and enjoined for 12 months following the date of entry of this Order, from directly or indirectly acting as or being associated with any broker, dealer, or investment adviser. This injunction shall not prevent Defendant from being a customer or client of a broker, dealer, or investment adviser. For purposes of this paragraph: (a) a person is associated with a broker or dealer if such person is a partner, officer, director, or branch manager of such broker or dealer (or occupies a similar status or performs similar functions), directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by, or is under common control or in an employee of such broker or dealer; and Case 5:24-cv-00171-KDB-DCK Document 25 Filed 08/08/25 Page 3 of 7 4 (b) a person is associated with an investment adviser if such person is a partner, officer, or director of such investment adviser (or performs similar functions), or directly or indirectly controls or is controlled by such investment adviser, including any employee of such investment adviser. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that, as provided in Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 65(d)(2), the foregoing paragraph also binds the following who receive actual notice of this Order by personal service or otherwise: (a) Defendant’s officers, agents, servants, employees, and attorneys; and (b) other persons in active concert or participation with Defendant or with anyone described in (a). IV. IT IS HEREBY FURTHER ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that Defendant is liable for disgorgement of $4,374.91, representing net profits gained as a result of the conduct alleged in the Complaint, together with prejudgment interest thereon in the amount of $1,404.68, and a civil penalty in the amount of $35,000, pursuant to Section 20(d) of the Securities Act [15 U.S.C. § 77t(d)] and Section 21(d)(3) of the Exchange Act [15 U.S.C. § 78u(d)(3)]. Defendant shall satisfy this obligation by paying $40,779.59 to the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the terms of the payment schedule set forth in paragraph V below after entry of this Order. Defendant may transmit payment electronically to the Commission, which will provide detailed ACH transfer/Fedwire instructions upon request. Payment may also be made directly from a bank account via Pay.gov through the SEC website at: http://www.sec.gov/about/offices/ofm.htm. Defendant may also pay by certified check, bank cashier’s check, or United States postal money order payable to the Securities and Exchange Commission, which shall be delivered or mailed to: Enterprise Services Center Accounts Receivable Branch 6500 South MacArthur Boulevard Oklahoma City, OK 73169 Case 5:24-cv-00171-KDB-DCK Document 25 Filed 08/08/25 Page 4 of 7 5 and shall be accompanied by a letter identifying the case title; civil action number; name of this Court and Garrett W. Moretz as a defendant in this action; and specifying that payment is made pursuant to this Order. Defendant shall simultaneously transmit photocopies of evidence of payment and case identifying information to the Commission’s counsel in this action. By making this payment, Defendant relinquishes all legal and equitable right, title, and interest in such funds and no part of the funds shall be returned to Defendant. The Commission may enforce the Court’s judgment for disgorgement and prejudgment interest by using all collection procedures authorized by law, including, but not limited to, moving for civil contempt at any time after 30 days following entry of this Order. The Commission may enforce the Court’s Order for penalties using all collection procedures authorized by law, including the Federal Debt Collection Procedures Act, 28 U.S.C. § 3001 et seq., and moving for civil contempt for the violation of any court orders issued in this action. Defendant shall pay post-judgment interest on any amounts due after 30 days of the entry of this Order pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1961. The Commission shall hold the funds, together with any interest and income earned thereon (collectively, the “Fund”), pending further order of the Court. The Commission may propose a plan to distribute the Fund subject to the Court’s approval. Such a plan may provide that the Fund shall be distributed pursuant to the Fair Fund provisions of Section 308(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The Court shall retain jurisdiction over the administration of any distribution of the Fund and the Fund may only be disbursed pursuant to an Order of the Court. Case 5:24-cv-00171-KDB-DCK Document 25 Filed 08/08/25 Page 5 of 7 6 Regardless of whether any such Fair Fund distribution is made, amounts ordered to be paid as civil penalties pursuant to this Judgment shall be treated as penalties paid to the government for all purposes, including all tax purposes. To preserve the deterrent effect of the civil penalty, Defendant shall not, after offset or reduction of any award of compensatory damages in any Related Investor Action based on Defendant’s payment of disgorgement in this action, argue that he is entitled to, nor shall he further benefit by, offset or reduction of such compensatory damages award by the amount of any part of Defendant’s payment of a civil penalty in this action (“Penalty Offset”). If the Court in any Related Investor Action grants such a Penalty Offset, Defendant shall, within 30 days after entry of a final order granting the Penalty Offset, notify the Commission’s counsel in this action and pay the amount of the Penalty Offset to the United States Treasury or to a Fair Fund, as the Commission directs. Such a payment shall not be deemed an additional civil penalty and shall not be deemed to change the amount of the civil penalty imposed in this Judgment. For purposes of this paragraph, a “Related Investor Action” means a private damages action brought against Defendant by or on behalf of one or more investors based on substantially the same facts as alleged in the Complaint in this action. V. Defendant shall pay the total of disgorgement, prejudgment interest, and penalty due of $40,779.59 in two installments to the Commission according to the following schedule: (1) $20,389.80, within 30 days of entry of this Order; and (2) $20,389.79 (plus any applicable post judgment interest), within 60 days of entry of this Order. Payments shall be deemed made on the date they are received by the Commission and shall be applied first to post-judgment interest, which accrues pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1961 on any unpaid amounts due after 30 days of the entry Case 5:24-cv-00171-KDB-DCK Document 25 Filed 08/08/25 Page 6 of 7 7 of Order. Prior to making the final payment set forth herein, Defendant shall contact the staff of the Commission for the amount due for the final payment. If Defendant fails to make any payment by the date agreed and/or in the amount agreed according to the schedule set forth above, all outstanding payments under this Order, including post-judgment interest, minus any payments made, shall become due and payable immediately at the discretion of the staff of the Commission without further application to the Court. VI. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the Consent is incorporated herein with the same force and effect as if fully set forth herein, and that Defendant shall comply with all of the undertakings and agreements set forth therein. VII. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that, solely for purposes of exceptions to discharge set forth in Section 523 of the Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C. §523, the allegations in the complaint are true and admitted by Defendant, and further, any debt for disgorgement, prejudgment interest, civil penalty or other amounts due by Defendant under this Order or any other judgment, order, consent order, decree or settlement agreement entered in connection with this proceeding, is a debt for the violation by Defendant of the federal securities laws or any regulation or order issued under such laws, as set forth in Section 523(a)(19) of the Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C. §523(a)(19). VIII. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that this Court shall retain jurisdiction of this matter for the purposes of enforcing the terms of this Order. SO ORDERED ADJUDGED AND DECREED. Signed: August 8, 2025 Case 5:24-cv-00171-KDB-DCK Document 25 Filed 08/08/25 Page 7 of 7