"Division") of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") into
Fannie Mae concealed $43.3 billion in high-risk Expanded Approval and Alt-A mortgages from public disclosures between December 2006 and September 2008, misleading investors about its subprime exposure while senior executives certified false filings, leading the SEC to enter a non-prosecution agreement in exchange for full cooperation and ongoing compliance.
Between December 2006 and September 2008, Fannie Mae deliberately excluded $43.3 billion in Expanded Approval and reduced-documentation Alt-A loans from its public disclosures of subprime exposure, despite internal data showing these loans carried subprime-like risk and higher delinquency rates. Senior executives, including the CEO, Single Family EVP, and CRO, certified misleading financial statements that understated subprime exposure to under $8.3 billion using undisclosed, narrow methodologies, violating federal securities disclosure obligations. In exchange for full cooperation—including document production, witness testimony, and ongoing compliance—the SEC entered a non-prosecution agreement, avoiding enforcement action while explicitly noting this does not exonerate Fannie Mae or prevent other regulatory or criminal actions.
Between December 2006 and September 6, 2008, Fannie Mae concealed its true exposure to high-risk mortgages by excluding $43.3 billion in Expanded Approval loans and over 25% of Alt-A loans with reduced documentation from its public disclosures, despite internal analyses showing these loans had delinquency rates comparable to or higher than subprime loans. Senior executives, including the CEO, Single Family EVP, and Chief Risk Officer, certified financial filings that falsely reported subprime exposure at under $8.3 billion by employing undisclosed, narrow classification methodologies that systematically excluded risky loans. These misrepresentations contributed to massive losses, with cumulative losses from 2007 to 2011 reaching $153.2 billion, and eroded investor confidence during the financial crisis. On September 6, 2008, Fannie Mae was placed into conservatorship by the Federal Housing Finance Agency, with the U.S. Treasury providing substantial capital support and holding up to 79.9% ownership. In lieu of prosecution, the SEC entered into a Non-Prosecution Agreement requiring Fannie Mae to provide full, truthful, and ongoing cooperation—including producing documents, authenticating materials, providing Rule 30(b)(6) witnesses, and securing cooperation from current and former employees. The agreement explicitly states it does not exonerate Fannie Mae, does not bind other regulators, and does not preclude criminal referrals or actions by other agencies. Fannie Mae’s cooperation obligations remain active and are a material condition of the agreement, reflecting the SEC’s recognition of the unique public interest and taxpayer implications of enforcing against a government-controlled entity.
Extracted insights
- $153.20B $153.2 billion ≥$1B
- $55.60B $55.6 billion ≥$1B
- $43.30B $43.3 billion ≥$1B
- $43.00B $43 billion ≥$1B
- $39.70B $39.7 billion ≥$1B
- $13.20B $13.2 billion ≥$1B
- $8.30B $8.3 billion ≥$1B
- $7.70B $7.7 billion ≥$1B
- $7.60B $7.6 billion ≥$1B
- $4.80B $4.8 billion ≥$1B
- person fannie mae
- agency Securities and Exchange Commission
- Division Of Enforcement investigated Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) for possible violations of federal securities laws
- Investigation occurred December 2006 through September 6, 2008
- Fannie Mae made public statements concerning exposure to Subprime and Alt-A mortgages
- Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) placed into conservatorship Fannie Mae on September 6, 2008
- United States Treasury holds senior preferred stock and warrants representing up to 79.9 percent ownership stake in Fannie Mae
- Securities And Exchange Commission entered into Non-Prosecution Agreement with Fannie Mae
- Fannie Mae agreed to cooperate fully and truthfully in the Investigation and related enforcement proceedings
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
NON-PROSECUTION AGREEMENT
1. This agreement arises out of an investigation by the Division of Enforcement (the
"Division")
of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") into
possible violations
of the federal securities laws by the Federal National Mortgage Association
(the "Respondent" or "Fannie Mae") and others that occurred in or about December 2006
through September
6, 2008, arising from, among other things, public statements concerning
Fannie
Mae's exposure to SUbprime and Alt-A mortgages (collectively, the "Investigation").
Prior to a public enforcement action being brought by the Commission against Fannie Mae,
without admitting or denying liability, Respondent has offered to accept responsibility for its
conduct and to not dispute, contest, or contradict the factual statements set forth in Exhibit
A, as
specifically provided herein. Accordingly, the Commission and the Respondent enter into this
Non-Prosecution Agreement (the "Agreement").
2. The Respondent is a corporation organized and operated under the laws of the United
States
of America, subject to the ongoing supervision of the Federal Housing Finance Agency
("FHF A"). On September
6, 2008, FHF A placed the Respondent into conservatorship, and as
conservator, succeeded to all rights, titles, powers and privileges
of the Respondent and its
shareholders, officers, and directors with respect to the Respondent and its assets. As
conservator, FHF A maintains a continuous on-site presence at the Respondent and provides
substantial oversight over the Respondent, including, among other things, with respect to its
corporate governance, regulatory compliance and operations. In addition, the United States
Treasury has made substantial capital investments in the Respondent and holds senior preferred
stock, as well as warrants representing an ownership stake
of up to 79.9 percent of the
Respondent's common stock.
3. In entering into this Agreement, the Commission recognizes the unique circumstances
presented
by the Respondent's current status, including the financial support provided to the
Respondent by the
US. Treasury, the role of another government agency (FHFA) as conservator,
and the costs that may be imposed on
US. taxpayers. Based on these circumstances and in
consideration of the public interest, subject to the full, truthful, and continuing cooperation of the
Respondent as described below and its satisfactory performance
of all obligations and
undertakings herein, the Commission and Respondent enter into this Agreement with the terms
and conditions contained herein.
COOPERATION
4. The Respondent agrees to cooperate fully and truthfully in the Investigation and any
other related enforcement litigation or proceeding to which the Commission is a party (the
"Proceedings"), without regard to the time period in which the cooperation is required
("Cooperation Period"). In addition, the Respondent agrees to cooperate fully and truthfully,
when directed by the Division's staff, in any other related official investigation or proceeding by
any
US. federal agency (the "Other Proceedings"). The Respondent acknowledges and
1
understands that its ongoing cooperation with the Commission is an important and material
factor underlying the Commission's decision to enter into this Agreement. The full, truthful, and
continuing cooperation
ofthe Respondent shall include, but not be limited to:
a. identifying, assembling, organizing and producing, in a responsive and prompt
manner, all non-privileged, non-attorney work-product documents, information, and other
materials (including but not limited to providing reports or analyses
of data concerning
Respondent's models, credit risk reporting or data systems) to the Commission as requested by
the Division's staff, wherever located, in the possession, custody, or control
of the Respondent;
b. providing declarations authenticating all documents, information, and other
materials produced to the Commission
by Respondent upon request by the Division's staff;
c. providing declarations, upon request by the Division's staff, certifying that
documents, information, and other materials produced to the Commission
by Respondent
comply with Federal Rule
of Evidence 902(11)(A-C);
d. providing Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 30(b)(6) witnesses, and authenticating
documents, for the purpose of establishing the facts set forth in Exhibit A;
e. using its best efforts to secure the full, truthful, and continuing cooperation, as
defined in Paragraph 5, ofFannie Mae's current and former board members, officers, employees
and agents, including making these persons available, when requested to do so by the Division's
staff, for interviews and the provision
oftestimony in the investigation, deposition, trial and
other judicial proceedings in connection with the Proceedings
or Other Proceedings;
f. authenticating all documents, information, and other materials identified by the
Division's staff, to the extent able to do so;
g. responding to all inquiries, when requested to do so by the Division's staff, in
connection with the Proceedings or Other Proceedings;
h. producing to the Commission, in a responsive and prompt manner, any
documents, information and materials not previously produced to the Commission that are
provided formally or informally to any party for use in the Proceedings or Other Proceedings at
the request
of such party or otherwise;
i. notifying the Division's staff, in a prompt manner, ofthe receipt and substance of
any request for documents, information or materials by a party to the Proceedings or Other
Proceedings or the scheduling or facilitation
of interviews or meetings between parties to the
Proceedings or Other Proceedings (or their counsel) and any
of Fannie Mae's current and former
board members, officers, employees and agents in connection with the Proceedings or Other
Proceedings;
j. maintaining the confidentiality
of communications with the Division's staff
relating to the cooperation required under paragraphs a-i above, and refusing to enter into, not
entering into, modifying or withdrawing from existing formal or informal joint-defense
agreements or arrangements with any person relating to the Proceedings or Other Proceedings to
2
the extent such agreements limit Respondent's ability to provide or share information with the
Commission;
and,
k. providing appropriate assistance to the Commission to obtain documents or other
information necessary for the Commission to assess and respond to defenses raised in the
Proceedings or Other Proceedings.
5. The full, truthful, and continuing cooperation of each person described in Paragraph 4( e )
above will be subject to the procedures and protections
ofthis Paragraph, and shall include, but
not be limited to:
a. producing all non-privileged documents, information, and other materials as
requested
by the Division's staff;·
b. appearing for interviews, at such times and places as requested by the Division's
staff;
c. authenticating all documents, information, and other materials identified by the
Division's staff, to the extent able to do so;
d. responding to all inquiries, when requested to do so by the Division's staff, in
connection with the Proceedings or Other Proceedings;
and,
e. testifying at deposition, at trial and in other judicial proceedings, when requested
to do so
by the Division's staff, in connection with the Proceedings or Other Proceedings.
STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS
6. The Respondent agrees that the running of any statute of limitations applicable to any
action or proceeding against it authorized, instituted, or brought
by or on behalf of the
Commission arising out
of the Investigation (the "Enforcement Proceeding"), including any
sanctions or relief that
may be imposed therein, is tolled and suspended during the Cooperation
Period.
a. The Respondent and any of its attorneys or agents shall not include the
Cooperation Period in the calculation
of the running of any statute of limitations or for any other
time-related defense applicable to the Enforcement Proceeding, including any sanctions or relief
that may be imposed therein, in asserting or relying upon any such time-related defense.
b. This agreement shall not affect any applicable statute
of limitations defense or any
other time-related defense that may be available to Respondent before the commencement
of the
Cooperation Period or be construed to revive an Enforcement Proceeding that may be barred
by
any applicable statute of limitations or any other time-related defense before the commencement
ofthe Cooperation Period.
c. The running of any statute of limitations applicable to the Enforcement
Proceeding shall commence again after the end
ofthe Cooperation Period, unless there is an
extension
ofthe tolling period executed in writing by or on behalf ofthe parties hereto.
3
d. This agreement shall not be construed as an admission by the Commission
relating to the applicability
of any statute of limitations to the Enforcement Proceeding, including
any sanctions or relief that may be imposed therein, or to the length
of any limitations period that
may apply, or to the applicability
of any other time-related defense.
UNDERTAKINGS
7. During the Cooperation Period, the Respondent understands and agrees to perform the
following undertakings:
a. to provide written notification to the Division, within five days, if it has been
questioned in the context
of an investigation, charged, or convicted of an offense related to the
securities laws
by any federal, state, or local law enforcement organization or regulatory agency;
and
b. to submit a report to the Division detailing its efforts to identify and implement
improved disclosure procedures since being placed into conservatorship on September 6,2008,
and,
if requested, to meet with the Division's staff to discuss the report and its progress with
respect to its obligations pursuant to this Agreement.
PUBLIC STATEMENTS
8. The Respondent agrees not to take any action or to make or permit any public statement
through present or future attorneys, employees, agents, Or other persons authorized to speak for it
("Related Person"), except in legal proceedings in which the Commission is not a party, denying,
directly or indirectly, any aspect
of this Agreement or creating the impression that the statements
in Exhibit A to this Agreement are without factual basis. This paragraph is not intended to apply
to any statement made by an individual in the course
of any criminal, civil, or regulatory
proceeding initiated
by the government or self-regulatory organization against such individual,
unless such individual is speaking on behalf
of the Respondent. 1 If it is determined by the
Commission that a public statement by the Respondent or any Related Person contradicts
in
whole or in part this Agreement, at its sole discretion, the Commission may bring an
enforcement action in accordance with Paragraphs 15 through 18, but only provided that
Respondent does not cure the statement by promptly making appropriate public statements or
court filings satisfactory to the Commission after a reasonable opportunity to do so by the
Commission.
9. Prior to issuing any press release concerning this Agreement, the Respondent agrees to
have the text
of the release approved by the staff of the Division.
Nothing in this Agreement affects Respondent's and Related Person's (i) testimonial obligations or (ii) right to
take legal or factual positions in litigation or other legal proceedings in which the Commission is not a party.
4
SERVICE
10. The Respondent agrees to serve
by hand delivery or by next-day mail all written notices
and correspondence required
by or related to this Agreement to Charles Cain, Assistant Director,
100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549
«202) 551-4911), unless otherwise directed in
writing
by the staff of the Division.
VIOLATION OF AGREEMENT
11. The Respondent understands and agrees that it shall
be a violation of this Agreement if it
knowingly provides false or misleading information or materials in connection with the
Proceedings or
Other Proceedings. In the event
of such misconduct, the Division will advise the
Commission
of the Respondent's misconduct and may make a criminal referral for providing
false information (18 U.S.C.
§ 1001), contempt (18 U.S.c. §§ 401-402) and/or obstructing
justice (18 U.S.C. § 1503
et seq.).
12. The Respondent understands and agrees that should the Division determine that the
Respondent has failed materially to comply with any term or condition
of this Agreement, the
Division will notify the Respondent
or its counsel of the fact and provide an opportunity for the
Respondent to make a Wells submission pursuant to the Securities
Act of 1933 Release No.
5310. Under these circumstances, the Division may, in its sole discretion and
not subject to
judicial review, recommend to the Commission an enforcement action against the Respondent
for any securities law violations, including, but not limited to, the substantive offenses relating to
the Investigation.
13. The Respondent understands and agrees that in any future enforcement action resulting
from its violation
of the Agreement, any documents, statements, information, testimony, or
evidence provided
by it during the Investigation, Proceedings or Other Proceedings, and any
leads derived there from,
may be used against it in future legal proceedings.
14. In the event it breaches this Agreement, the Respondent agrees not to dispute, contest, or
contradict the factual statements contained in Exhibit A, or their admissibility, in any future
Commission enforcement action against it.
COMPLIANCE WITH AGREEMENT
15. Subject to the full, truthful, and continuing cooperation
of the Respondent, as described
in Paragraphs 4 and 5, and compliance
by Respondent with all obligations and undertakings in
this Agreement, the Commission agrees not to bring any enforcement action or proceeding
against the Respondent arising from the Investigation. This Agreement should not, however, be
deemed to exonerate the Respondent
or be construed as a finding by the Commission that
violations
of the federal securities laws have not occurred.
16. The Respondent understands and agrees that this Agreement does
not bind other U.S.
federal, state or self-regulatory organizations,
but the Commission may, at its discretion, issue a
letter to these organizations detailing the fact, manner, and extent
of its cooperation during the
Proceedings
or Other Proceedings, upon the written request of the Respondent.
5
17. The Respondent understands and agrees that if it sells, merges, or transfers all or
substantially all
of its business operations as they exist as of the date of this Agreement, whether
such a sale is structured as a stock or asset sale, merger, or transfer during the Cooperation
Period, it shall include in any contract for sale, merger, or transfer a provision binding the
purchaser or successor in interest
to the obligations set forth in this Agreement.
18. The Respondent understands and agrees that the Agreement only provides protection
against enforcement actions arising from the Investigation and does not relate to any other
violations, or
to any individual or entity other than the Respondent.
VOLUNTARY AGREEMENT
19. The Respondent's decision to enter into this Agreement is freely and voluntarily made
and is not the result
of force, threats, assurances, promises, or representations other than those
contained in this Agreement.
20. The Respondent has read and understands this Agreement. Furthermore, the Respondent
has reviewed all legal and factual aspects
of this matter with its attorney and is fully satisfied
with its attorney's legal representation. The Respondent has thoroughly reviewed this
Agreement with its attorney and has received satisfactory explanations concerning each
paragraph
ofthe Agreement. After conferring with its attorney and considering all available
alternatives, the Respondent has made a knowing decision
to enter into the Agreement.
21. The Respondent represents that its Board
of Directors has duly authorized, in the
resolution attached
as Exhibit B to this Agreement, the execution and delivery of this Agreement,
and that the person signing this Agreement has authority to bind the Respondent.
ENTIRETY
OF AGREEMENT
22. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the Commission and the
Respondent, and supersedes all prior understandings,
if any, whether oral or written, relating to
the subject matter herein.
23. This Agreement cannot be modified except in writing, signed by the Respondent and
an
authorized representative of the Commission.
24. This agreement may be executed in counterparts.
6
25. In the event an ambiguity or a question of intent or interpretation arises, this Agreement
shall be construed
as if drafted jointly by the parties hereto, and no presumption or burden of
proof shall arise favoring or disfavoring the Commission or the Respondent by virtue of the
authorship
of any of the provisions of the Agreement.
The signatories below acknowledge acceptance
of the foregoing terms and conditions.
RESPONDENT:
011
3900 Wisconsin Avenue NW
Washington, DC
20016
,Fannie Mae
Attached hereto is the Certificate of the Secretary to the Board of Directors of Federal National
Mortgage Association, certifying that Michael
J. Williams is, and at the time of the signing and
delivery
of the Agreement was, the duly appointed, qualified and acting Chief Executive Officer
of Fannie Mae and duly authorized to execute the Agreement on behalf of Fannie Mae, and that
the signature of Michael 1. Williams appearing on the Agreement is his genuine signature.
RESPONDENT'S COUNSEL:
Approved as to form:
1875 Pennsylvania Avenue
NW
Washington, D.C. 20006
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
DIVISION OF ENFORCEMENT:
Director, Enforcement Division
United States Securities and Exchange
Commission
100 F Street, N.E.
Washington, D.C. 20549
7
EXHIBIT A
STATEMENT OF FACTS
Fannie Mae
1. Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae") is a government-sponsored
enterprise that was chartered
by Congress in 1938 to support liquidity, stability and
affordability in the secondary mortgage market, where existing mortgage-related assets
are purchased and sold. Fannie Mae provides market liquidity
by securitizing mortgage
loans originated
by lenders in the primary mortgage market into Fannie Mae mortgage
backed securities ("MBS"), known as Fannie
Mae MBS, and purchasing mortgage loans
and mortgage-related securities in the secondary market for its mortgage portfolio.
In or
about February 2008, Fannie Mae began reporting billion-dollar credit losses resulting
from its portfolio
of mortgage-related assets and guaranty contracts. For the period
January
1, 2007 through March 31, 2011, Fannie Mae reported cumulative net losses of
$153.2 billion.
2. From 1992 until July
30,2008, Fannie Mae's primary regulator was the Office of Federal
Housing Enterprise Oversight ("OFHEO").
3. On July
30,2008, when the President signed into law the Housing and Economic
Recovery Act
of2008, the Federal Housing Finance Agency ("FHFA") became Fannie
Mae's primary regulator. On September 6, 2008, FHF A placed Fannie Mae into
conservatorship, and as conservator succeeded to all rights, titles, powers and privileges
of Fannie Mae, its shareholders, and the officers or directors of Fannie Mae with respect
to the company and its assets.
4. On July
8, 2010, Fannie Mae's common stock was delisted from the New York Stock
Exchange and the Chicago Stock Exchange. Fannie
Mae's common stock currently is
traded in the over-the-counter market and quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board under the
ticker symbol "FNMA." Fannie
Mae's debt securities are actively traded in the over-the
counter market.
5. From December 6, 2006 through November 10,2008 (the "Relevant Period"), Fannie
Mae provided mortgage credit risk disclosures in its periodic filings and other filings with
the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") relating to Fannie
Mae's
single-family mortgage credit book ofbusiness, which consisted of whole single-family
mortgage loans and Fannie Mae MBS backed
by single-family mortgage loans (whether
held in its portfolio or
by third parties).
6. During the Relevant Period, Fannie Mae provided disclosures regarding its exposure to
Alt-A and subprime mortgage loans in its single-family mortgage credit book
ofbusiness.
1
Subprime Disclosures
7. On February 27,2007 Fannie Mae provided its first public quantitative disclosure of its
exposure to subprime mortgage loans in a 12b-25 filing with the Commission (the
"February 2007 12b-25 Filing").
8. The February 2007 12b-25 Filing stated that "[a]lthough there is no uniform definition
for sUb-prime and Alt-A loans across the mortgage industry, Alt-A loans are generally
defined
as loans with lower or alternative documentation requirements, while sUb-prime
loans typically are made to borrowers with weaker credit histories." The February 2007
12b-25 Filing further stated:
•
"We estimate that approximately 0.2% of our single-family mortgage
credit book
ofbusiness as of December 31, 2006 consisted of sub-prime
mortgage loans or structured Fannie Mae MBS backed
by sub-prime
mortgage loans."
•
"We estimate that approximately 2% of our single-family mortgage credit
book
ofbusiness as of December 31, 2006 consisted ofprivate-label
mortgage-related securities backed
by sub-prime mortgage loans and, to a
lesser extent, resecuritizations
ofprivate-label mortgage-related securities
backed
by sub-prime mortgage loans."
9. During the Relevant Period, one of Fannie Mae's primary mortgage loan products
targeted towards borrowers with weaker credit histories was called Expanded
ApprovaVTimely Payment Rewards ("EA"). As
of December 31, 2006, the percentage
ofEA loans held on Fannie Mae' book ofbusiness was 1.8%.
10. The Unpaid Principal Balance ("UPB") ofEA loans owned or securitized by Fannie Mae
in its single-family mortgage credit book
ofbusiness was $39.7 billion as of December
31,2005, $43.3 billion as ofDecember 31,2006, and $55.6 billion as of December 31,
2007. The UPB
ofloans Fannie Mae classified and disclosed as subprime, which it
owned or securitized in its single-family mortgage credit book
ofbusiness, was $2.3
billion as
of December 31,2005, $4.8 billion as of December 31,2006, and $8.3 billion
as
of December 31,2007. In addition to EA, Fannie Mae had other mortgage loan
programs, such as
My Community Mortgage ("MCM") that served low-to-moderate
income borrowers, including borrowers with weaker credit histories.
11. In anticipation of communications with investors in March, 2004, Fannie Mae's then
Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") received a document listing questions and answers
("Q&A") relating to Fannie
Mae's business. That document stated in part: " ....
Delinquencies in the subprime market have been rising. What is Fannie Mae's exposure
to subprime loans? Does subprime include Alt-A loans? ANSWER
[:] Our strong risk
management tools and practices have enabled expansion
of Fannie Mae's product
offerings to include products targeted to borrowers with minor credit blemishes. The
most notable product line for reaching these borrowers, Expanded Approval with Timely
2
Payment Rewards, has grown in volume but represents less than two percent of Single
Family credit portfolio." Further, in March of2005, Fannie Mae's CEO was provided
with a Q&A that stated in part: "
.... Delinquencies in the subprime market have been
rising. What is Fannie
Mae's exposure to subprime loans? Does subprime include Alt-A
loans? ANSWER
[:] Fannie Mae's subprime exposure primarily consists of our own
product line for serving credit-impaired
borrowers-the Expanded Approval with Timely
Payment Rewards product, and mortgage related securities backed by subprime loans that
we hold in our mortgage portfolio ... "
12. Prior to the February 2007 12b-25 Filing, in April 2005 and April 2006, in response to
requests for information on Fannie Mae single-family subprime loans, Fannie Mae
provided OFHEO with data and information on mortgage loan purchases and mortgage
loan securities under its EA program and described the EA loans as its "most significant
initiative to serve credit-impaired borrowers."
13. EA loans were not included in Fannie
Mae's calculation or quantification of its subprime
mortgage loans or other subprime exposure set forth in Fannie
Mae's February 2007 12b
25 Filing.
14. In its February 2007 12b-25 Filing, Fannie Mae publicly disclosed that its subprime
exposure as
of December 31, 2006 was approximately 2.2% of its single-family mortgage
credit book
of business, of which approximately 0.2% ($4.8 billion) consisted of
subprime mortgage loans or structured Fannie Mae MBS backed by subprime mortgage
loans. Fannie
Mae's exposure to EA loans in its single-family mortgage credit book of
business was approximately $43.3 billion as of December 31, 2006.
15. During the Relevant Period, Fannie Mae tracked the serious delinquency rate ("SDQ
Rate")
of its mortgage loan products in order to measure the credit risk of its loan
portfolio. Fannie Mae defined SDQ
as a loan that is 90 days or more past due and loans
that are in the process
of foreclosure. Generally, the higher the SDQ Rate of loans, the
higher the credit risk
of those loans. As Fannie Mae stated in its 2004 Form 10-K: "The
SDQ is an indicator
of potential future foreclosures, although most loan that become
seriously delinquent do not result in foreclosure. The rate at which new loans become
seriously delinquent and the rate at which existing seriously delinquent loans are resolved
significantly affect the level
of future credit losses."
16. Internal reports show that Fannie Mae's publicly disclosed subprime loans had an SDQ
rate
of 4.72% as of December 31, 2006, and Fannie Mae's EA loans had an SDQ rate of
5.57% as of December 31,2006.
17. During the Relevant Period, information described in paragraphs 7-16 above was
provided and/or available to senior executives, including Fannie Mae's CEO, Fannie
Mae's Executive Vice President for its Single Family business ("Single Family EVP"),
and its Chief Risk Officer ("CRO") through internal reports, presentations, and briefings.
3
18. The CEO, the Single Family EVP and the CRO each reviewed and approved the
February 2007 12b-25 Filing.
19. On May
2,2007, Fannie Mae filed its 2005 Form 10-K with the Commission (the "May
2,2007 10-K Filing"). This filing stated "'Subprime mortgage' generally refers to a
mortgage loan made to a borrower with a weaker credit profile than that
of a prime
borrower. As a result
ofthe weaker credit profile, subprime borrowers have a higher
likelihood
of default than prime borrowers. Subprime mortgage loans are often originated
by lenders specializing in this type
ofbusiness, using processes unique to subprime loans.
In reporting our subprime exposure, we have classified mortgage loans as subprime if the
mortgage loans are originated
by one of these specialty lenders or, for the original or
resecuritized private-label, mortgage-related securities that we hold in our portfolio,
if the
securities were labeled as subprime when sold."
20.
In the May 2,2007 10-K Filing, Fannie Mae also stated that "subprime loans represented
approximately 2.2%
of our single-family mortgage credit book of business as of
December 31,2006, of which approximately 0.2% consisted of sub prime mortgage loans
or structured Fannie Mae MBS backed
by subprime mortgage loans and approximately
2% consisted
of private-label mortgage-related securities backed by subprime mortgage
loans and, to a lesser extent, resecuritizations
ofprivate-label mortgage-related securities
backed by subprime mortgage loans."
21. The calculation and quantification
of Fannie Mae's subprime mortgage loans or other
subprime exposure set forth in the May
2,2007 10-K Filing did not include Fannie Mae's
exposure to EA loans. As
of December 31, 2006, the percentage of EA loans held on
Fannie Mae's single-family mortgage credit book
of business was 1.8%.
22. During the Relevant Period, the Department
of Housing and Urban Development
provided a list
of lenders specializing in the subprime business (the "HUD Subprime
Lender List"). As
of December 31, 2006, the HUD Subprime Lender List consisted of
210 subprime lenders.
23.
In calculating and quantifying its subprime loans and other subprime exposure as
disclosed in the May
2,2007 10-K Filing, Fannie Mae did not use the HUD Subprime
Lender List
to identify lenders "specializing in this type of business" and included loans
only from fifteen loan originators. Fannie Mae did not publicly disclose that loans from
only fifteen originators were considered when calculating its subprime exposure or the
names
of those originators.
24. During the Relevant Period, Fannie Mae purchased and securitized loans from lenders on
the HUD Subprime Lender List but did not include those loans when calculating or
quantifying its subprime loans.
25. On May 2,2007, Fannie
Mae's CEO certified the May 2,2007 lO-K Filing. The
certification stated, among other things:
4
a. [T]his report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state
a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light
of the circumstances
under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period
covered
by this report; and
b. [T]he financial statements, and other financial information included in this report,
fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results
of operations and
cash flows
of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report.
26. The Single Family EVP and the CRO signed sub-certifications for the May
2,2007 10-K
Filing. Those sub-certifications stated, among other things:
a. [T]he Report does not contain any untrue statement
of a material fact or omit to state
a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light
of the circumstances
under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the periods
covered
by the Report.
b. [T]he financial statements, and other financial information included in the Report,
fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results
of operations and
cash flows
of the business segments for which I am responsible as of, and for, the
periods presented in the Report.
27. On August 16,2007, Fannie Mae provided a virtually identical subprime definition and
the same subprime quantitative exposure amounts in its 2006 Form 10-K filed with the
Commission (the "August 2007 10-K Filing") as it did in its May
2,2007 10-K Filing.
28. Fannie
Mae's calculation and quantification of its subprime loans or other subprime
exposure set forth in the August 2007 lO-K Filing did not include its
EA loans.
29. On August 16,2007, simultaneous with filing its 2006 10-K, Fannie Mae filed an 8-K
credit supplement (the "August 2007 Credit Supplement Filing"), which disclosed that,
as
of June 30, 2007, 1 % of its single family mortgage credit book ofbusiness consisted of
loans with both a FICO Score below 620 and Original-Loan-To-Value ("OLTV") Greater
than 90% (the "Low FICOlHigh OLTV Loans").
30. As
of June 30, 2007, only 15.5% ofthe EA loans had both a FICO score below 620 and
an OLTV greater than 90%.
31. During the Relevant Period, information described in paragraphs 19-30 was provided
and/or available to the CEO, the Single Family EVP and the CRO through internal
reports, presentations, and briefings.
32. The
CEO certified the August 2007 lO-K Filing and reviewed and approved the August
2007 Credit Supplement Filing. The certification was substantially similar to the
representations set forth above in Paragraph 25.
33. The Single Family EVP and the CRO sub-certified the August 2007 lO-K Filing. Those
sub-certifications were substantially similar to the representations set forth above in
5
Paragraph 26. The Single Family EVP and the CRO reviewed and approved the August
2007 Credit Supplement Filing.
34. On November
9,2007, Fannie Mae simultaneously filed its first, second, and third
quarter 2007 Form 10-Q filings with the Commission (the "November 2007 10-Q
Filings").
35. Each
of the November 2007 10-Q Filings stated: "A subprime mortgage loan generally
refers to a mortgage loan made to a borrower with a weaker credit profile than that
of a
prime borrower. As a result
of the weaker credit profile, subprime borrowers have a
higher likelihood
of default than prime borrowers. Subprime mortgage loans are typically
originated by lenders specializing in this type ofbusiness or by subprime divisions of
large lenders, using processes unique to subprime loans. In reporting our subprime
exposure, we have classified mortgage loans as subprime
if the mortgage loans are
originated
by one of these specialty lenders or a subprime division of a large lender."
36. During the Relevant Period, Fannie Mae did not keep separate statistical reports or
otherwise track loans made
by the subprime division of originators. It therefore could not
quantify the number of loans it acquired or securitized that were originated by the
subprime division of a large lender.
37. Throughout most
ofthe Relevant Period, Fannie Mae's largest customer was
Countrywide Financial Corporation. Countrywide's retail subprime lending division was
known as Full Spectrum Lending.
38. Records indicate that Fannie Mae purchased or securitized $7.7 billion worth
ofloans
originated by Full Spectrum Lending in 2006, $13.2 billion in 2007, and $7.6 billion in
2008.
39. During the Relevant Period, Fannie
Mae purchased or securitized loans from other
subprime divisions
of large lenders.
40. In the November 2007 10-Q Filings, Fannie Mae stated that approximately 0.2%
of its
total single-family mortgage credit book
ofbusiness as of March 31, 2007 and June 30,
2007 consisted
of subprime mortgage loans or Fannie Mae MBS backed by subprime
mortgage loans and that this percentage increased to approximately 0.3% as of
September 30,2007. Fannie Mae also disclosed that less than 1 % of its single-family
business volume for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 consisted
of subprime
mortgage loans or Fannie Mae MBS backed by subprime mortgage loans.
41. In Fannie
Mae's single family mortgage credit book ofbusiness, the dollar amount ofthe
subprime loans and other subprime exposure as disclosed in each of Fannie Mae's
February 2007 12b-25 Filing, May 2,2007 lO-K Filing, August 2007 10-K Filing or
November 2007 10-Q Filings did not exceed $8.3 billion.
6
42. Fannie Mae's quantitative subprime disclosure in the November 2007 lO-Q Filings did
not include its exposure to EA loans. Fannie
Mae's quantitative exposure to EA loans for
the periods covered by the Form 10-Qs was at least $43 billion.
43. On November
9,2007, Fannie Mae provided disclosure of its exposure to loans that were
both Low FICOlHigh OLTV in its Form 8-K Credit Supplement that
it filed concurrent
with its November 2007 10-Q Filings with the Commission (the "November 2007 8-K
Filings").
44. Fannie
Mae's calculation and quantification of its exposure to loans that were both Low
FICO/High OLTV in the November 2007 8-K Filings did not include all of its EA loans.
45. During the Relevant Period, members
of Fannie Mae's senior management were provided.
with information indicating that Fannie Mae purchased and securitized loans from
subprime divisions
oflarge lenders such as Countrywide'S Full Spectrum Lending. For
example, in a February 2007 meeting, the then-CEO received a presentation on the
volume
of agency-eligible loans from each of Countrywide'S four lending divisions,
including Full Spectrum Lending.
46. The CEO certified the November 2007 10-Q Filings and reviewed and approved the
November 2007 8-K Filings. The Single Family EVP and the CRO sub-certified the
November 2007 10-Q Filings. The Single Family EVP and the CRO reviewed and
approved the November 2007 8-K Filings.
47. Post-conservatorship, on November
10,2008, in its third quarter Form 10-Q ("November
2008 10-Q Filing"), Fannie Mae disclosed for the first time that certain loans with
features similar to subprime loans were not included in the calculation or quantification
of Fannie Mae's subprime exposure. The November 2008 10-Q Filing stated in part:
"We have classified mortgage loans as subprime if the mortgage loan is originated by a
lender specializing in subprime business or
by subprime divisions of large lenders. We
apply these classification criteria in order to determine our ... subprime loan exposures;
however, we have other loans with some features that are similar
to ... subprime loans
that we have not classified as ... subprime because they do not meet our classification
criteria. "
48. On February
24,2011, in its Form 10-K for the fiscal year 2010, Fannie Mae stated for
the first time: "We exclude from the subprime classification loans originated by these
lenders
if we acquired the loans in accordance with our standard underwriting criteria,
which typically require compliance
by the seller with our Selling Guide (including
standard representations and warranties) and/or evaluation
of the loans through our
Desktop Underwriter system."
7
Alt-A Disclosures
49. In its February 2007 12b-25 Filing, Fannie Mae stated that Alt-A loans "are generally
defined
as loans with lower or alternative documentation requirements."
50. Prior to May 2, 2007, Fannie Mae did not quantify its exposure to Alt-A loans in its
public filings with the SEC or in other disclosures provided to investors.
51. Fannie Mae increased its acquisition
ofreduced documentation loans in its conventional
single family mortgage guarantee business from at least 17.8% percent
of new
acquisitions in 2004 to at least 27.8%
ofnew acquisitions in 2006.
52. From December
6,2006 through May 31,2008, according to internal Fannie Mae loan
acquisition data reports, at least 25%
of Fannie Mae's loan acquisitions in its
conventional single family mortgage guarantee business were reduced documentation
loans.
53. On May
9,2007, for the first time in a public filing, Fannie Mae quantified its exposure
to Alt-A loans in a 12b-25 filed with the Commission (the "May 9,2007 12b-25 Filing").
54.
In the May 9,2007 12b-25 Filing, Fannie Mae stated that in reporting "Alt-A exposure,
we have classified mortgage loans as Alt-A
ifthe lenders that deliver the mortgage loans
to us have classified the loans
as Alt-A based on documentation or other product features,
or, for the original or resecuritized private-label, mortgage-related securities that we hold
in our portfolio,
if the securities were labeled as Alt-A when sold. We estimate that
approximately
11 % of our total single-family mortgage credit book of business as ofboth
March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006 consisted
of Alt-A mortgage loans or structured
Fannie Mae MBS backed by Alt-A mortgage loans."
55. Fannie Mae had a coding system to identify the loan characteristics for certain mortgages
("Special Feature Codes"). Loan sellers in the lender channel were instructed
by Fannie
Mae to use certain Special Feature Codes in delivering loans to Fannie Mae. Thus, Fannie
Mae's coding system determined those loans that such sellers classified as Alt-A.
56.
In calculating its Alt-A exposure, Fannie Mae excluded what it classified as lender
selected loans ("Lender-Selected Reduced Documentation Loans").
57. During the Relevant Period, Fannie Mae did not publicly disclose that it excluded
Lender-Selected Reduced Documentation Loans from its reported Alt-A exposure.
58. At times during the Relevant Period, Lender-Selected Reduced Documentation Loans
had an SDQ Rate that was on average 1.4 times higher than Fannie
Mae's full
documentation loans with a similar credit risk profile.
8
59. As of March 31,2007, at least 17.9% of Fannie Mae's total conventional single-family
mortgage guarantee business consisted
of reduced documentation mortgage loans or
structured Fannie Mae MBS backed
by reduced documentation mortgage loans.
60. During the Relevant Period, information described in paragraphs 49-59 was provided
and/or available to the CEO, the Single Family EVP and the CRO through internal
reports, presentations, and/or briefings.
61. Fannie Mae's CEO certified periodic filings during the Relevant Period that included
Fannie Mae's Alt-A disclosures. Those certifications were substantially similar to the
representations set forth above in Paragraph 25.
62. The Single Family EVP and Fannie
Mae's CRO sub-certified periodic filings during the
Relevant Period that included Fannie Mae's Alt-A disclosures. Those sub-certifications
were substantially similar to the representations set forth above in Paragraph 26.
63. Fannie
Mae's CEO, its Single Family EVP and its eRO reviewed and approved Alt-A
disclosures contained in Fannie
Mae's 12b-25 filings during the Relevant Period.
64. Post-conservatorship, in its November 2008 lO-Q Filing, Fannie Mae disclosed for the
first time that it excluded certain loans with features similar to Alt-A loans from its
calculation and quantification
of its Alt-A exposure. The November 2008 10-Q Filing
stated in part: "We have classified mortgage loans as Alt-A
if the lender that delivers the
mortgage to us has classified the loans
as Alt-A based on documentation or other
features; however, we have other loans with some features that are similar to ... Alt-A
loans that we have not classified as ... Alt-A because they do not meet our classification
criteria.
"
9
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
NON-PROSECUTION AGREEMENT
1. This agreement arises out of an investigation by the Division of Enforcement (the
"Division") of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") into
possible violations of the federal securities laws by the Federal National Mortgage Association
(the "Respondent" or "Fannie Mae") and others that occurred in or about December 2006
through September 6, 2008, arising from, among other things, public statements concerning
Fannie Mae's exposure to SUbprime and Alt-A mortgages (collectively, the "Investigation").
Prior to a public enforcement action being brought by the Commission against Fannie Mae,
without admitting or denying liability, Respondent has offered to accept responsibility for its
conduct and to not dispute, contest, or contradict the factual statements set forth in Exhibit A, as
specifically provided herein. Accordingly, the Commission and the Respondent enter into this
Non-Prosecution Agreement (the "Agreement").
2. The Respondent is a corporation organized and operated under the laws of the United
States of America, subject to the ongoing supervision of the Federal Housing Finance Agency
("FHF A"). On September 6, 2008, FHF A placed the Respondent into conservatorship, and as
conservator, succeeded to all rights, titles, powers and privileges of the Respondent and its
shareholders, officers, and directors with respect to the Respondent and its assets. As
conservator, FHF A maintains a continuous on-site presence at the Respondent and provides
substantial oversight over the Respondent, including, among other things, with respect to its
corporate governance, regulatory compliance and operations. In addition, the United States
Treasury has made substantial capital investments in the Respondent and holds senior preferred
stock, as well as warrants representing an ownership stake of up to 79.9 percent of the
Respondent's common stock.
3. In entering into this Agreement, the Commission recognizes the unique circumstances
presented by the Respondent's current status, including the financial support provided to the
Respondent by the US. Treasury, the role of another government agency (FHFA) as conservator,
and the costs that may be imposed on US. taxpayers. Based on these circumstances and in
consideration of the public interest, subject to the full, truthful, and continuing cooperation of the
Respondent as described below and its satisfactory performance of all obligations and
undertakings herein, the Commission and Respondent enter into this Agreement with the terms
and conditions contained herein.
COOPERATION
4. The Respondent agrees to cooperate fully and truthfully in the Investigation and any
other related enforcement litigation or proceeding to which the Commission is a party (the
"Proceedings"), without regard to the time period in which the cooperation is required
("Cooperation Period"). In addition, the Respondent agrees to cooperate fully and truthfully,
when directed by the Division's staff, in any other related official investigation or proceeding by
any US. federal agency (the "Other Proceedings"). The Respondent acknowledges and
1
understands that its ongoing cooperation with the Commission is an important and material
factor underlying the Commission's decision to enter into this Agreement. The full, truthful, and
continuing cooperation of the Respondent shall include, but not be limited to:
a. identifying, assembling, organizing and producing, in a responsive and prompt
manner, all non-privileged, non-attorney work-product documents, information, and other
materials (including but not limited to providing reports or analyses of data concerning
Respondent's models, credit risk reporting or data systems) to the Commission as requested by
the Division's staff, wherever located, in the possession, custody, or control of the Respondent;
b. providing declarations authenticating all documents, information, and other
materials produced to the Commission by Respondent upon request by the Division's staff;
c. providing declarations, upon request by the Division's staff, certifying that
documents, information, and other materials produced to the Commission by Respondent
comply with Federal Rule of Evidence 902(11)(A-C);
d. providing Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 30(b)(6) witnesses, and authenticating
documents, for the purpose of establishing the facts set forth in Exhibit A;
e. using its best efforts to secure the full, truthful, and continuing cooperation, as
defined in Paragraph 5, of Fannie Mae's current and former board members, officers, employees
and agents, including making these persons available, when requested to do so by the Division's
staff, for interviews and the provision of testimony in the investigation, deposition, trial and
other judicial proceedings in connection with the Proceedings or Other Proceedings;
f. authenticating all documents, information, and other materials identified by the
Division's staff, to the extent able to do so;
g. responding to all inquiries, when requested to do so by the Division's staff, in
connection with the Proceedings or Other Proceedings;
h. producing to the Commission, in a responsive and prompt manner, any
documents, information and materials not previously produced to the Commission that are
provided formally or informally to any party for use in the Proceedings or Other Proceedings at
the request of such party or otherwise;
i. notifying the Division's staff, in a prompt manner, of the receipt and substance of
any request for documents, information or materials by a party to the Proceedings or Other
Proceedings or the scheduling or facilitation of interviews or meetings between parties to the
Proceedings or Other Proceedings (or their counsel) and any of Fannie Mae's current and former
board members, officers, employees and agents in connection with the Proceedings or Other
Proceedings;
j. maintaining the confidentiality of communications with the Division's staff
relating to the cooperation required under paragraphs a-i above, and refusing to enter into, not
entering into, modifying or withdrawing from existing formal or informal joint-defense
agreements or arrangements with any person relating to the Proceedings or Other Proceedings to
2
the extent such agreements limit Respondent's ability to provide or share information with the
Commission; and,
k. providing appropriate assistance to the Commission to obtain documents or other
information necessary for the Commission to assess and respond to defenses raised in the
Proceedings or Other Proceedings.
5. The full, truthful, and continuing cooperation of each person described in Paragraph 4( e )
above will be subject to the procedures and protections of this Paragraph, and shall include, but
not be limited to:
a. producing all non-privileged documents, information, and other materials as
requested by the Division's staff;·
b. appearing for interviews, at such times and places as requested by the Division's
staff;
c. authenticating all documents, information, and other materials identified by the
Division's staff, to the extent able to do so;
d. responding to all inquiries, when requested to do so by the Division's staff, in
connection with the Proceedings or Other Proceedings; and,
e. testifying at deposition, at trial and in other judicial proceedings, when requested
to do so by the Division's staff, in connection with the Proceedings or Other Proceedings.
STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS
6. The Respondent agrees that the running of any statute of limitations applicable to any
action or proceeding against it authorized, instituted, or brought by or on behalf of the
Commission arising out of the Investigation (the "Enforcement Proceeding"), including any
sanctions or relief that may be imposed therein, is tolled and suspended during the Cooperation
Period.
a. The Respondent and any of its attorneys or agents shall not include the
Cooperation Period in the calculation of the running of any statute of limitations or for any other
time-related defense applicable to the Enforcement Proceeding, including any sanctions or relief
that may be imposed therein, in asserting or relying upon any such time-related defense.
b. This agreement shall not affect any applicable statute of limitations defense or any
other time-related defense that may be available to Respondent before the commencement of the
Cooperation Period or be construed to revive an Enforcement Proceeding that may be barred by
any applicable statute of limitations or any other time-related defense before the commencement
of the Cooperation Period.
c. The running of any statute of limitations applicable to the Enforcement
Proceeding shall commence again after the end of the Cooperation Period, unless there is an
extension ofthe tolling period executed in writing by or on behalf of the parties hereto.
3
d. This agreement shall not be construed as an admission by the Commission
relating to the applicability of any statute of limitations to the Enforcement Proceeding, including
any sanctions or relief that may be imposed therein, or to the length of any limitations period that
may apply, or to the applicability of any other time-related defense.
UNDERTAKINGS
7. During the Cooperation Period, the Respondent understands and agrees to perform the
following undertakings:
a. to provide written notification to the Division, within five days, if it has been
questioned in the context of an investigation, charged, or convicted of an offense related to the
securities laws by any federal, state, or local law enforcement organization or regulatory agency;
and
b. to submit a report to the Division detailing its efforts to identify and implement
improved disclosure procedures since being placed into conservatorship on September 6,2008,
and, if requested, to meet with the Division's staff to discuss the report and its progress with
respect to its obligations pursuant to this Agreement.
PUBLIC STATEMENTS
8. The Respondent agrees not to take any action or to make or permit any public statement
through present or future attorneys, employees, agents, Or other persons authorized to speak for it
("Related Person"), except in legal proceedings in which the Commission is not a party, denying,
directly or indirectly, any aspect of this Agreement or creating the impression that the statements
in Exhibit A to this Agreement are without factual basis. This paragraph is not intended to apply
to any statement made by an individual in the course of any criminal, civil, or regulatory
proceeding initiated by the government or self-regulatory organization against such individual,
unless such individual is speaking on behalf of the Respondent. 1 If it is determined by the
Commission that a public statement by the Respondent or any Related Person contradicts in
whole or in part this Agreement, at its sole discretion, the Commission may bring an
enforcement action in accordance with Paragraphs 15 through 18, but only provided that
Respondent does not cure the statement by promptly making appropriate public statements or
court filings satisfactory to the Commission after a reasonable opportunity to do so by the
Commission.
9. Prior to issuing any press release concerning this Agreement, the Respondent agrees to
have the text of the release approved by the staff of the Division.
Nothing in this Agreement affects Respondent's and Related Person's (i) testimonial obligations or (ii) right to
take legal or factual positions in litigation or other legal proceedings in which the Commission is not a party.
4
SERVICE
10. The Respondent agrees to serve by hand delivery or by next-day mail all written notices
and correspondence required by or related to this Agreement to Charles Cain, Assistant Director,
100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549 «202) 551-4911), unless otherwise directed in
writing by the staff of the Division.
VIOLATION OF AGREEMENT
11. The Respondent understands and agrees that it shall be a violation of this Agreement if it
knowingly provides false or misleading information or materials in connection with the
Proceedings or Other Proceedings. In the event of such misconduct, the Division will advise the
Commission of the Respondent's misconduct and may make a criminal referral for providing
false information (18 U.S.C. § 1001), contempt (18 U.S.c. §§ 401-402) and/or obstructing
justice (18 U.S.C. § 1503 et seq.).
12. The Respondent understands and agrees that should the Division determine that the
Respondent has failed materially to comply with any term or condition of this Agreement, the
Division will notify the Respondent or its counsel of the fact and provide an opportunity for the
Respondent to make a Wells submission pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933 Release No.
5310. Under these circumstances, the Division may, in its sole discretion and not subject to
judicial review, recommend to the Commission an enforcement action against the Respondent
for any securities law violations, including, but not limited to, the substantive offenses relating to
the Investigation.
13. The Respondent understands and agrees that in any future enforcement action resulting
from its violation of the Agreement, any documents, statements, information, testimony, or
evidence provided by it during the Investigation, Proceedings or Other Proceedings, and any
leads derived there from, may be used against it in future legal proceedings.
14. In the event it breaches this Agreement, the Respondent agrees not to dispute, contest, or
contradict the factual statements contained in Exhibit A, or their admissibility, in any future
Commission enforcement action against it.
COMPLIANCE WITH AGREEMENT
15. Subject to the full, truthful, and continuing cooperation of the Respondent, as described
in Paragraphs 4 and 5, and compliance by Respondent with all obligations and undertakings in
this Agreement, the Commission agrees not to bring any enforcement action or proceeding
against the Respondent arising from the Investigation. This Agreement should not, however, be
deemed to exonerate the Respondent or be construed as a finding by the Commission that
violations of the federal securities laws have not occurred.
16. The Respondent understands and agrees that this Agreement does not bind other U.S.
federal, state or self-regulatory organizations, but the Commission may, at its discretion, issue a
letter to these organizations detailing the fact, manner, and extent of its cooperation during the
Proceedings or Other Proceedings, upon the written request of the Respondent.
5
17. The Respondent understands and agrees that if it sells, merges, or transfers all or
substantially all of its business operations as they exist as of the date of this Agreement, whether
such a sale is structured as a stock or asset sale, merger, or transfer during the Cooperation
Period, it shall include in any contract for sale, merger, or transfer a provision binding the
purchaser or successor in interest to the obligations set forth in this Agreement.
18. The Respondent understands and agrees that the Agreement only provides protection
against enforcement actions arising from the Investigation and does not relate to any other
violations, or to any individual or entity other than the Respondent.
VOLUNTARY AGREEMENT
19. The Respondent's decision to enter into this Agreement is freely and voluntarily made
and is not the result of force, threats, assurances, promises, or representations other than those
contained in this Agreement.
20. The Respondent has read and understands this Agreement. Furthermore, the Respondent
has reviewed all legal and factual aspects of this matter with its attorney and is fully satisfied
with its attorney's legal representation. The Respondent has thoroughly reviewed this
Agreement with its attorney and has received satisfactory explanations concerning each
paragraph of the Agreement. After conferring with its attorney and considering all available
alternatives, the Respondent has made a knowing decision to enter into the Agreement.
21. The Respondent represents that its Board of Directors has duly authorized, in the
resolution attached as Exhibit B to this Agreement, the execution and delivery of this Agreement,
and that the person signing this Agreement has authority to bind the Respondent.
ENTIRETY OF AGREEMENT
22. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the Commission and the
Respondent, and supersedes all prior understandings, if any, whether oral or written, relating to
the subject matter herein.
23. This Agreement cannot be modified except in writing, signed by the Respondent and an
authorized representative of the Commission.
24. This agreement may be executed in counterparts.
6
25. In the event an ambiguity or a question of intent or interpretation arises, this Agreement
shall be construed as if drafted jointly by the parties hereto, and no presumption or burden of
proof shall arise favoring or disfavoring the Commission or the Respondent by virtue of the
authorship of any of the provisions of the Agreement.
The signatories below acknowledge acceptance of the foregoing terms and conditions.
RESPONDENT:
011
3900 Wisconsin Avenue NW
Washington, DC
20016
,Fannie Mae
Attached hereto is the Certificate of the Secretary to the Board of Directors of Federal National
Mortgage Association, certifying that Michael J. Williams is, and at the time of the signing and
delivery of the Agreement was, the duly appointed, qualified and acting Chief Executive Officer
of Fannie Mae and duly authorized to execute the Agreement on behalf of Fannie Mae, and that
the signature of Michael 1. Williams appearing on the Agreement is his genuine signature.
RESPONDENT'S COUNSEL:
Approved as to form:
1875 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, D.C. 20006
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
DIVISION OF ENFORCEMENT:
Director, Enforcement Division
United States Securities and Exchange
Commission
100 F Street, N.E.
Washington, D.C. 20549
7
EXHIBIT A
STATEMENT OF FACTS
Fannie Mae
1. Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae") is a government-sponsored
enterprise that was chartered by Congress in 1938 to support liquidity, stability and
affordability in the secondary mortgage market, where existing mortgage-related assets
are purchased and sold. Fannie Mae provides market liquidity by securitizing mortgage
loans originated by lenders in the primary mortgage market into Fannie Mae mortgage
backed securities ("MBS"), known as Fannie Mae MBS, and purchasing mortgage loans
and mortgage-related securities in the secondary market for its mortgage portfolio. In or
about February 2008, Fannie Mae began reporting billion-dollar credit losses resulting
from its portfolio of mortgage-related assets and guaranty contracts. For the period
January 1, 2007 through March 31, 2011, Fannie Mae reported cumulative net losses of
$153.2 billion.
2. From 1992 until July 30,2008, Fannie Mae's primary regulator was the Office of Federal
Housing Enterprise Oversight ("OFHEO").
3. On July 30,2008, when the President signed into law the Housing and Economic
Recovery Act of2008, the Federal Housing Finance Agency ("FHFA") became Fannie
Mae's primary regulator. On September 6, 2008, FHF A placed Fannie Mae into
conservatorship, and as conservator succeeded to all rights, titles, powers and privileges
of Fannie Mae, its shareholders, and the officers or directors of Fannie Mae with respect
to the company and its assets.
4. On July 8, 2010, Fannie Mae's common stock was delisted from the New York Stock
Exchange and the Chicago Stock Exchange. Fannie Mae's common stock currently is
traded in the over-the-counter market and quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board under the
ticker symbol "FNMA." Fannie Mae's debt securities are actively traded in the over-the
counter market.
5. From December 6, 2006 through November 10,2008 (the "Relevant Period"), Fannie
Mae provided mortgage credit risk disclosures in its periodic filings and other filings with
the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") relating to Fannie Mae's
single-family mortgage credit book of business, which consisted of whole single-family
mortgage loans and Fannie Mae MBS backed by single-family mortgage loans (whether
held in its portfolio or by third parties).
6. During the Relevant Period, Fannie Mae provided disclosures regarding its exposure to
Alt-A and subprime mortgage loans in its single-family mortgage credit book of business.
1
Subprime Disclosures
7. On February 27,2007 Fannie Mae provided its first public quantitative disclosure of its
exposure to subprime mortgage loans in a 12b-25 filing with the Commission (the
"February 2007 12b-25 Filing").
8. The February 2007 12b-25 Filing stated that "[a]lthough there is no uniform definition
for sUb-prime and Alt-A loans across the mortgage industry, Alt-A loans are generally
defined as loans with lower or alternative documentation requirements, while sUb-prime
loans typically are made to borrowers with weaker credit histories." The February 2007
12b-25 Filing further stated:
• "We estimate that approximately 0.2% of our single-family mortgage
credit book of business as of December 31, 2006 consisted of sub-prime
mortgage loans or structured Fannie Mae MBS backed by sub-prime
mortgage loans."
• "We estimate that approximately 2% of our single-family mortgage credit
book of business as of December 31, 2006 consisted of private-label
mortgage-related securities backed by sub-prime mortgage loans and, to a
lesser extent, resecuritizations of private-label mortgage-related securities
backed by sub-prime mortgage loans."
9. During the Relevant Period, one of Fannie Mae's primary mortgage loan products
targeted towards borrowers with weaker credit histories was called Expanded
ApprovaVTimely Payment Rewards ("EA"). As of December 31, 2006, the percentage
ofEA loans held on Fannie Mae' book of business was 1.8%.
10. The Unpaid Principal Balance ("UPB") ofEA loans owned or securitized by Fannie Mae
in its single-family mortgage credit book of business was $39.7 billion as of December
31,2005, $43.3 billion as ofDecember 31,2006, and $55.6 billion as of December 31,
2007. The UPB ofloans Fannie Mae classified and disclosed as subprime, which it
owned or securitized in its single-family mortgage credit book of business, was $2.3
billion as of December 31,2005, $4.8 billion as of December 31,2006, and $8.3 billion
as of December 31,2007. In addition to EA, Fannie Mae had other mortgage loan
programs, such as My Community Mortgage ("MCM") that served low-to-moderate
income borrowers, including borrowers with weaker credit histories.
11. In anticipation of communications with investors in March, 2004, Fannie Mae's then
Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") received a document listing questions and answers
("Q&A") relating to Fannie Mae's business. That document stated in part: " ....
Delinquencies in the subprime market have been rising. What is Fannie Mae's exposure
to subprime loans? Does subprime include Alt-A loans? ANSWER [:] Our strong risk
management tools and practices have enabled expansion of Fannie Mae's product
offerings to include products targeted to borrowers with minor credit blemishes. The
most notable product line for reaching these borrowers, Expanded Approval with Timely
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Payment Rewards, has grown in volume but represents less than two percent of Single
Family credit portfolio." Further, in March of2005, Fannie Mae's CEO was provided
with a Q&A that stated in part: " .... Delinquencies in the subprime market have been
rising. What is Fannie Mae's exposure to subprime loans? Does subprime include Alt-A
loans? ANSWER [:] Fannie Mae's subprime exposure primarily consists of our own
product line for serving credit-impaired borrowers-the Expanded Approval with Timely
Payment Rewards product, and mortgage related securities backed by subprime loans that
we hold in our mortgage portfolio ... "
12. Prior to the February 2007 12b-25 Filing, in April 2005 and April 2006, in response to
requests for information on Fannie Mae single-family subprime loans, Fannie Mae
provided OFHEO with data and information on mortgage loan purchases and mortgage
loan securities under its EA program and described the EA loans as its "most significant
initiative to serve credit-impaired borrowers."
13. EA loans were not included in Fannie Mae's calculation or quantification of its subprime
mortgage loans or other subprime exposure set forth in Fannie Mae's February 2007 12b
25 Filing.
14. In its February 2007 12b-25 Filing, Fannie Mae publicly disclosed that its subprime
exposure as of December 31, 2006 was approximately 2.2% of its single-family mortgage
credit book of business, of which approximately 0.2% ($4.8 billion) consisted of
subprime mortgage loans or structured Fannie Mae MBS backed by subprime mortgage
loans. Fannie Mae's exposure to EA loans in its single-family mortgage credit book of
business was approximately $43.3 billion as of December 31, 2006.
15. During the Relevant Period, Fannie Mae tracked the serious delinquency rate ("SDQ
Rate") of its mortgage loan products in order to measure the credit risk of its loan
portfolio. Fannie Mae defined SDQ as a loan that is 90 days or more past due and loans
that are in the process of foreclosure. Generally, the higher the SDQ Rate of loans, the
higher the credit risk of those loans. As Fannie Mae stated in its 2004 Form 10-K: "The
SDQ is an indicator of potential future foreclosures, although most loan that become
seriously delinquent do not result in foreclosure. The rate at which new loans become
seriously delinquent and the rate at which existing seriously delinquent loans are resolved
significantly affect the level of future credit losses."
16. Internal reports show that Fannie Mae's publicly disclosed subprime loans had an SDQ
rate of 4.72% as of December 31, 2006, and Fannie Mae's EA loans had an SDQ rate of
5.57% as of December 31,2006.
17. During the Relevant Period, information described in paragraphs 7-16 above was
provided and/or available to senior executives, including Fannie Mae's CEO, Fannie
Mae's Executive Vice President for its Single Family business ("Single Family EVP"),
and its Chief Risk Officer ("CRO") through internal reports, presentations, and briefings.
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18. The CEO, the Single Family EVP and the CRO each reviewed and approved the
February 2007 12b-25 Filing.
19. On May 2,2007, Fannie Mae filed its 2005 Form 10-K with the Commission (the "May
2,2007 10-K Filing"). This filing stated "'Subprime mortgage' generally refers to a
mortgage loan made to a borrower with a weaker credit profile than that of a prime
borrower. As a result of the weaker credit profile, subprime borrowers have a higher
likelihood of default than prime borrowers. Subprime mortgage loans are often originated
by lenders specializing in this type of business, using processes unique to subprime loans.
In reporting our subprime exposure, we have classified mortgage loans as subprime if the
mortgage loans are originated by one of these specialty lenders or, for the original or
resecuritized private-label, mortgage-related securities that we hold in our portfolio, if the
securities were labeled as subprime when sold."
20. In the May 2,2007 10-K Filing, Fannie Mae also stated that "subprime loans represented
approximately 2.2% of our single-family mortgage credit book of business as of
December 31,2006, of which approximately 0.2% consisted of sub prime mortgage loans
or structured Fannie Mae MBS backed by subprime mortgage loans and approximately
2% consisted of private-label mortgage-related securities backed by subprime mortgage
loans and, to a lesser extent, resecuritizations ofprivate-label mortgage-related securities
backed by subprime mortgage loans."
21. The calculation and quantification of Fannie Mae's subprime mortgage loans or other
subprime exposure set forth in the May 2,2007 10-K Filing did not include Fannie Mae's
exposure to EA loans. As of December 31, 2006, the percentage of EA loans held on
Fannie Mae's single-family mortgage credit book of business was 1.8%.
22. During the Relevant Period, the Department of Housing and Urban Development
provided a list of lenders specializing in the subprime business (the "HUD Subprime
Lender List"). As of December 31, 2006, the HUD Subprime Lender List consisted of
210 subprime lenders.
23. In calculating and quantifying its subprime loans and other subprime exposure as
disclosed in the May 2,2007 10-K Filing, Fannie Mae did not use the HUD Subprime
Lender List to identify lenders "specializing in this type of business" and included loans
only from fifteen loan originators. Fannie Mae did not publicly disclose that loans from
only fifteen originators were considered when calculating its subprime exposure or the
names of those originators.
24. During the Relevant Period, Fannie Mae purchased and securitized loans from lenders on
the HUD Subprime Lender List but did not include those loans when calculating or
quantifying its subprime loans.
25. On May 2,2007, Fannie Mae's CEO certified the May 2,2007 lO-K Filing. The
certification stated, among other things:
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a. [T]his report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state
a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances
under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period
covered by this report; and
b. [T]he financial statements, and other financial information included in this report,
fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and
cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report.
26. The Single Family EVP and the CRO signed sub-certifications for the May 2,2007 10-K
Filing. Those sub-certifications stated, among other things:
a. [T]he Report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state
a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances
under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the periods
covered by the Report.
b. [T]he financial statements, and other financial information included in the Report,
fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and
cash flows of the business segments for which I am responsible as of, and for, the
periods presented in the Report.
27. On August 16,2007, Fannie Mae provided a virtually identical subprime definition and
the same subprime quantitative exposure amounts in its 2006 Form 10-K filed with the
Commission (the "August 2007 10-K Filing") as it did in its May 2,2007 10-K Filing.
28. Fannie Mae's calculation and quantification of its subprime loans or other subprime
exposure set forth in the August 2007 lO-K Filing did not include its EA loans.
29. On August 16,2007, simultaneous with filing its 2006 10-K, Fannie Mae filed an 8-K
credit supplement (the "August 2007 Credit Supplement Filing"), which disclosed that, as
of June 30, 2007, 1 % of its single family mortgage credit book of business consisted of
loans with both a FICO Score below 620 and Original-Loan-To-Value ("OLTV") Greater
than 90% (the "Low FICOlHigh OLTV Loans").
30. As of June 30, 2007, only 15.5% of the EA loans had both a FICO score below 620 and
an OLTV greater than 90%.
31. During the Relevant Period, information described in paragraphs 19-30 was provided
and/or available to the CEO, the Single Family EVP and the CRO through internal
reports, presentations, and briefings.
32. The CEO certified the August 2007 lO-K Filing and reviewed and approved the August
2007 Credit Supplement Filing. The certification was substantially similar to the
representations set forth above in Paragraph 25.
33. The Single Family EVP and the CRO sub-certified the August 2007 lO-K Filing. Those
sub-certifications were substantially similar to the representations set forth above in
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Paragraph 26. The Single Family EVP and the CRO reviewed and approved the August
2007 Credit Supplement Filing.
34. On November 9,2007, Fannie Mae simultaneously filed its first, second, and third
quarter 2007 Form 10-Q filings with the Commission (the "November 2007 10-Q
Filings").
35. Each of the November 2007 10-Q Filings stated: "A subprime mortgage loan generally
refers to a mortgage loan made to a borrower with a weaker credit profile than that of a
prime borrower. As a result of the weaker credit profile, subprime borrowers have a
higher likelihood of default than prime borrowers. Subprime mortgage loans are typically
originated by lenders specializing in this type of business or by subprime divisions of
large lenders, using processes unique to subprime loans. In reporting our subprime
exposure, we have classified mortgage loans as subprime if the mortgage loans are
originated by one of these specialty lenders or a subprime division of a large lender."
36. During the Relevant Period, Fannie Mae did not keep separate statistical reports or
otherwise track loans made by the subprime division of originators. It therefore could not
quantify the number of loans it acquired or securitized that were originated by the
subprime division of a large lender.
37. Throughout most ofthe Relevant Period, Fannie Mae's largest customer was
Countrywide Financial Corporation. Countrywide's retail subprime lending division was
known as Full Spectrum Lending.
38. Records indicate that Fannie Mae purchased or securitized $7.7 billion worth ofloans
originated by Full Spectrum Lending in 2006, $13.2 billion in 2007, and $7.6 billion in
2008.
39. During the Relevant Period, Fannie Mae purchased or securitized loans from other
subprime divisions of large lenders.
40. In the November 2007 10-Q Filings, Fannie Mae stated that approximately 0.2% of its
total single-family mortgage credit book of business as of March 31, 2007 and June 30,
2007 consisted of subprime mortgage loans or Fannie Mae MBS backed by subprime
mortgage loans and that this percentage increased to approximately 0.3% as of
September 30,2007. Fannie Mae also disclosed that less than 1 % of its single-family
business volume for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 consisted of subprime
mortgage loans or Fannie Mae MBS backed by subprime mortgage loans.
41. In Fannie Mae's single family mortgage credit book of business, the dollar amount of the
subprime loans and other subprime exposure as disclosed in each of Fannie Mae's
February 2007 12b-25 Filing, May 2,2007 lO-K Filing, August 2007 10-K Filing or
November 2007 10-Q Filings did not exceed $8.3 billion.
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42. Fannie Mae's quantitative subprime disclosure in the November 2007 lO-Q Filings did
not include its exposure to EA loans. Fannie Mae's quantitative exposure to EA loans for
the periods covered by the Form 10-Qs was at least $43 billion.
43. On November 9,2007, Fannie Mae provided disclosure of its exposure to loans that were
both Low FICOlHigh OLTV in its Form 8-K Credit Supplement that it filed concurrent
with its November 2007 10-Q Filings with the Commission (the "November 2007 8-K
Filings").
44. Fannie Mae's calculation and quantification of its exposure to loans that were both Low
FICO/High OLTV in the November 2007 8-K Filings did not include all of its EA loans.
45. During the Relevant Period, members of Fannie Mae's senior management were provided.
with information indicating that Fannie Mae purchased and securitized loans from
subprime divisions oflarge lenders such as Countrywide'S Full Spectrum Lending. For
example, in a February 2007 meeting, the then-CEO received a presentation on the
volume of agency-eligible loans from each of Countrywide'S four lending divisions,
including Full Spectrum Lending.
46. The CEO certified the November 2007 10-Q Filings and reviewed and approved the
November 2007 8-K Filings. The Single Family EVP and the CRO sub-certified the
November 2007 10-Q Filings. The Single Family EVP and the CRO reviewed and
approved the November 2007 8-K Filings.
47. Post-conservatorship, on November 10,2008, in its third quarter Form 10-Q ("November
2008 10-Q Filing"), Fannie Mae disclosed for the first time that certain loans with
features similar to subprime loans were not included in the calculation or quantification
of Fannie Mae's subprime exposure. The November 2008 10-Q Filing stated in part:
"We have classified mortgage loans as subprime if the mortgage loan is originated by a
lender specializing in subprime business or by subprime divisions of large lenders. We
apply these classification criteria in order to determine our ... subprime loan exposures;
however, we have other loans with some features that are similar to ... subprime loans
that we have not classified as ... subprime because they do not meet our classification
criteria. "
48. On February 24,2011, in its Form 10-K for the fiscal year 2010, Fannie Mae stated for
the first time: "We exclude from the subprime classification loans originated by these
lenders if we acquired the loans in accordance with our standard underwriting criteria,
which typically require compliance by the seller with our Selling Guide (including
standard representations and warranties) and/or evaluation of the loans through our
Desktop Underwriter system."
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Alt-A Disclosures
49. In its February 2007 12b-25 Filing, Fannie Mae stated that Alt-A loans "are generally
defined as loans with lower or alternative documentation requirements."
50. Prior to May 2, 2007, Fannie Mae did not quantify its exposure to Alt-A loans in its
public filings with the SEC or in other disclosures provided to investors.
51. Fannie Mae increased its acquisition of reduced documentation loans in its conventional
single family mortgage guarantee business from at least 17.8% percent of new
acquisitions in 2004 to at least 27.8% of new acquisitions in 2006.
52. From December 6,2006 through May 31,2008, according to internal Fannie Mae loan
acquisition data reports, at least 25% of Fannie Mae's loan acquisitions in its
conventional single family mortgage guarantee business were reduced documentation
loans.
53. On May 9,2007, for the first time in a public filing, Fannie Mae quantified its exposure
to Alt-A loans in a 12b-25 filed with the Commission (the "May 9,2007 12b-25 Filing").
54. In the May 9,2007 12b-25 Filing, Fannie Mae stated that in reporting "Alt-A exposure,
we have classified mortgage loans as Alt-A if the lenders that deliver the mortgage loans
to us have classified the loans as Alt-A based on documentation or other product features,
or, for the original or resecuritized private-label, mortgage-related securities that we hold
in our portfolio, if the securities were labeled as Alt-A when sold. We estimate that
approximately 11 % of our total single-family mortgage credit book of business as of both
March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006 consisted of Alt-A mortgage loans or structured
Fannie Mae MBS backed by Alt-A mortgage loans."
55. Fannie Mae had a coding system to identify the loan characteristics for certain mortgages
("Special Feature Codes"). Loan sellers in the lender channel were instructed by Fannie
Mae to use certain Special Feature Codes in delivering loans to Fannie Mae. Thus, Fannie
Mae's coding system determined those loans that such sellers classified as Alt-A.
56. In calculating its Alt-A exposure, Fannie Mae excluded what it classified as lender
selected loans ("Lender-Selected Reduced Documentation Loans").
57. During the Relevant Period, Fannie Mae did not publicly disclose that it excluded
Lender-Selected Reduced Documentation Loans from its reported Alt-A exposure.
58. At times during the Relevant Period, Lender-Selected Reduced Documentation Loans
had an SDQ Rate that was on average 1.4 times higher than Fannie Mae's full
documentation loans with a similar credit risk profile.
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59. As of March 31,2007, at least 17.9% of Fannie Mae's total conventional single-family
mortgage guarantee business consisted of reduced documentation mortgage loans or
structured Fannie Mae MBS backed by reduced documentation mortgage loans.
60. During the Relevant Period, information described in paragraphs 49-59 was provided
and/or available to the CEO, the Single Family EVP and the CRO through internal
reports, presentations, and/or briefings.
61. Fannie Mae's CEO certified periodic filings during the Relevant Period that included
Fannie Mae's Alt-A disclosures. Those certifications were substantially similar to the
representations set forth above in Paragraph 25.
62. The Single Family EVP and Fannie Mae's CRO sub-certified periodic filings during the
Relevant Period that included Fannie Mae's Alt-A disclosures. Those sub-certifications
were substantially similar to the representations set forth above in Paragraph 26.
63. Fannie Mae's CEO, its Single Family EVP and its eRO reviewed and approved Alt-A
disclosures contained in Fannie Mae's 12b-25 filings during the Relevant Period.
64. Post-conservatorship, in its November 2008 lO-Q Filing, Fannie Mae disclosed for the
first time that it excluded certain loans with features similar to Alt-A loans from its
calculation and quantification of its Alt-A exposure. The November 2008 10-Q Filing
stated in part: "We have classified mortgage loans as Alt-A if the lender that delivers the
mortgage to us has classified the loans as Alt-A based on documentation or other
features; however, we have other loans with some features that are similar to ... Alt-A
loans that we have not classified as ... Alt-A because they do not meet our classification
criteria. "
9